The History of Bookstores
Bookstores are a common sight in our contemporary society--mostly large chains like Barnes & Noble, but also smaller independent booksellers tucked away in local neighborhoods. They belong to a lengthy history which has encouraged the spread of human knowledge throughout history.
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Early Days
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Before the invention of the printing press, books had to be transcribed by hand. Scribes and similar experts sold their services to whoever would pay; their places of business could be considered the earliest bookstores.
Crusades and Universities
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The rise of universities in Italy in the 13th century, coupled with books brought back from the Crusades, created a new interest in secular writing throughout Europe. Bookstores began to spring up as a matter of course.
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Printing Press
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The invention of the printing press in the 15th century caused book production to explode; most printers also served as booksellers, with representatives in universities to help sell their wares.
Sellers vs. Publishers
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In the 19th century, bookstores began to separate from book manufacturers. Those who owned bookshops would serve as middlemen, purchasing from publishers before passing them on to readers.
Association
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The first large organization of booksellers--the Booksellers Association of Great Britain and Ireland--first appeared in 1890. They worked to protect members from harmful practices and help them promote their wares.
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References
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