Can You Have Seizures From Hyperbilirubinemia?

Hyperbilirubinemia occurs when the liver doesn't process bilirubin fast enough. Bilirubin is a substance created as the body gets rid of old red blood cells in favor of new ones. If bilirubin collects in the brain, it can cause seizures.

Jaundice

Since bilirubin is yellow, hyperbilirubinemia gives the skin and whites of the eyes a yellow cast, jaundice.

Hyperbilirubinemia in Newborns

Newborns commonly develop jaundice: 60 percent of full-term babies and 80 percent of premature babies develop it, according to the Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.

Kernicterus

Newborns who have very high bilirubin levels are at risk of kernicterus, the rare condition that occurs when bilirubin leaves the blood and gathers in brain tissue.

Kernicterus Symptoms

Symptoms of kernicterus in its early stage include jaundice and lethargy and, in its next stage, seizures and a bulging soft spot. Severe kernicterus leads to brain damage, including retardation, and death.

Treatment

Treatment includes phototherapy with blue lights or a fiber-optic blanket, exchange transfusion and cessation of breast-feeding.

References

• Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital: High-Risk Newborns-Hyperbilirubinemia and Jaudice
• National Organization for Rare Disorders: Kernicterus
• MedlinePlus: Kernicterus

Resources

• CDC: Jaundice and Kernicterus-Terms
• Medline Plus: Jaundice-Yellow Skin