- Symptoms of depression include low mood, fatigue, drastic changes in sleeping and eating patterns, a lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities and a reduced sense of self-worth. Symptoms must persist for at least two weeks in order for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder to be made.
- Individuals with bipolar disorder have hypomanic or manic episodes in addition to depression. Mania is characterized by heightened mood, agitation, impulsiveness, racing thoughts and irritability. Hypomania is a milder form of mania that can sometimes be experienced without impairment. Those with bipolar disorder frequently cycle between depressive and manic episodes.
- A single hypomanic or manic episode precludes a diagnosis of depression. If an individual diagnosed with depression experiences mania, her diagnosis will be changed to bipolar.
- Bipolar disorder and depression require different medication regimens. Depression can be treated with a variety of drugs, one of the most common being selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Bipolar disorder typically requires a combination of antidepressants and a mood stabilizer, such as lithium. Psychotherapy can be beneficial for individuals with either diagnosis.
- Both bipolar disorder and depression can be devastating. Those suffering from depression are at an increased risk of suicide and a number of other dangerous symptoms. A myriad of additional risks are associated with bipolar disorder, ranging from sexually transmitted infections resulting from hypersexuality and financial issues as a result of impulsiveness and uncontrollable spending.
