The History of Developmental Disabilities

Throughout history, society has struggled with how to treat people with developmental disabilities. The path that started at fear and ridicule has progressed to education and inclusion.

Ancient Times (1500 B.C. to 475 A.D.)

There is little mention of developmental disabilities in ancient histories. We know that many cultures felt they were favored by their gods or were created in their gods' image, and so those who were different were considered inferior.

Medieval Europe (476-1500 A.D.)

According to a presentation from the ARC of Michigan, treatment was not much better for the next 1,000 years. People with developmental disabilities were abandoned, ridiculed or feared.

Colonial Times (1600-1700 A.D.)

Scientists began attempts to understand these individuals, but the general public still feared and ridiculed them. People with developmental disabilities were kept confined at home or in "idiot cages" for their own protection.

Industrial Revolution

The 1800s and early 1900s saw increased awareness, but not increased standard of care. Individuals with developmental disabilities were institutionalized, but not nurtured.

1950s to 1980

Parents spearheaded a movement for the betterment of life for people with developmental disabilities around 1950. According to Parallels in Time, they organized community and legislative efforts to improve the lives of those with disabilities.

1980 to the Present

Conditions have undoubtedly improved for the developmentally disabled. Today, they live in home-like settings, attend school and receive assistance throughout life. They enjoy relationships, community excursions and other trappings of "normalcy."

References

• Parallels in Time: A History of Developmental Disabilities
• The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models
• National Research Center on Learning Disabilities' article, "Twenty-Five Years of Progress in Educating Children With Disabilities Through IDEA"

Resources

• Civitan International
• Special Olympics Program