Pemphigus Disease
Pemphigus is not a single disease but refers to a group of rare autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes. It can cause blistering in the mouth, throat and genitals and could be fatal if not treated.
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Risk Factors
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Although anyone can develop Pemphigus, certain factors such as being middle-aged or older and having another autoimmune condition can increase the risk of getting it.
Types
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In the most common type, Pemphigus vulgaris, blisters form on the skin, usually starting in the mouth. Pemphigus foliaceus blisters form on the face and scalp, before moving on to the chest and back. Paraneoplastic pemphigus forms painful sores in the esophagus and mouth, sometimes developing lesions in the lungs.
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Diagnosis
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A dermatologist will perform a visual exam of the blisters and take a biopsy of one to examine. He will also perform direct and indirect immunofluorescence tests, which are used to detect skin and blood abnormalities.
Treatment
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Treatment for Pemphigus often involves high-dose oral corticosteroids, which suppress the immune system. Prednisone and prednisolone are the most commonly prescribed, and the dosage is usually reduced once symptoms of the disease begin to fade.
Complications
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Possible complications due to Pemphigus vary by the type of disease but generally range from skin and blood infections to respiratory problems.
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