Periodontitis in Dogs
Periodontal disease is an irreversible, painful disease that affects the structures that support a dog's teeth. The gums and tendons around the teeth become inflamed, leading to bleeding and bone and tooth loss. Gingivitis that is left untreated can lead to periodontal disease.
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How Periodontal Disease Develops
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Actinomyces and streptococci bacteria develop over clean teeth from food particles or other foreign objects such as fur that get trapped between the teeth and gums. The bacteria build-up forms plaque, which begins to mineralize after three to five days. This build-up irritates the gums, causing inflammation and redness --- known as gingivitis. Left untreated, the bacteria will build up under the gums, eventually forming pockets and separating the gum for the teeth.
Grades of Periodontal Disease
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There are four grades of periodontal disease: Grade 1, inflammation of the gums; grade 2, inflammation plus bleeding upon probing; grade 3, symptoms of the first two plus pustular discharge and slight to moderate bone loss; and grade 4, all previous symptoms with severe bone loss.
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Treatments
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Surgical cleaning above and below the gum line done by a veterinarian.
Prevention/Solution
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Regular oral exams, regular dental cleaning by the vet and home care such as brushing the dog's teeth.
Dogs Prone to Periodontal Disease
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Toy breeds, old dogs and those with poor nutrition are prone to periodontal disease.
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