What Is Gene Cloning?

Gene cloning is the replication of DNA fragments by the use of a self-replicating genetic material. Unlike reproductive cloning, which replicates an entire organism, gene cloning duplicates only individual genes of an organism's DNA.

  1. DNA

    • Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material contained within all organisms.

    Isolating the Gene

    • Specific genes are isolated on the DNA molecule for cloning through the use of restrictive enzymes.

    Plasmids

    • Plasmids are the self-replicating genetic material that actually duplicates the host DNA fragment. Plasmids are biologically engineered to be compatible with the host DNA fragment.

    Types of Plasmids

    • The most common plasmids are bacterial. However, plasmid solutions can also be viral or yeast-based.

    Benefits

    • Gene cloning is used in medical research laboratories across the world and has enhanced our knowledge of genetic disorders and diseases.

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