Elevated Liver Enzymes in Dogs
The liver secretes enzymes that aid a dog's body in metabolizing fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Elevated levels of these enzymes may indicate liver failure; however, they can be indicative of other diseases as well.
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ALT/AST
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There are two main enzymes that are measured when liver problems are suspected; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). These enzymes become elevated when liver cells are damaged or killed.
Symptoms
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Elevated liver enzymes cause lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite. You may notice an increase in water consumption and urination as well as an enlarged abdomen and jaundiced appearance.
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Causes
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Elevated liver enzymes may be caused by a primary liver problem, such as liver failure, infection, tumors, trauma, toxins or a congenital abnormality. Enzymes may also be elevated from heart disease, pancreatitis, anemia and cancer.
Diagnosis
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Your veterinarian will perform a complete physical examination, blood count, serum chemistry panel and urinalysis. X-rays, ultrasound and liver biopsy may also be performed.
Treatment
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Treatment is based on the cause of the problem and may include supportive therapy such as IV fluids, antibiotics, specially formulated diets and nutritional supplements.
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