Parts & Functions of the Adrenal Glands
The adrenal glands are part of the endocrine system. The endocrine system is comprised of ductless glands that release hormones into the bloodstream. Some of the body functions these hormones regulate include metabolism, puberty and internal tissue temperature.
-
Definition
-
The adrenal glands are roughly triangular in shape. They sit on top of each of the two kidneys.
Adrenal Cortex
-
The outside section of the adrenal glands is the adrenal cortex. This is where corticosteroids are synthesized. The synthesis of androgenic steroids, which produce testosterone occurs in the adrenal cortex.
-
Adrenal Medulla
-
The inner core of the adrenal gland is the adrenal medulla. It is responsible for the release of hormones in conjunction with the sympathetic nervous system.
Aldosterone
-
The adrenal glands produce aldosterone. Aldosterone maintains blood volume by regulating the release of potassium and the absorption of sodium in the kidneys.
Corticosteroids
-
Corticosteroids are synthesized in the adrenal glands. They are responsible for regulation of blood electrolyte levels, immune responses and carbohydrate metabolism.
The adrenal cortex also produces androgenic steroids, which have a minimal effect on the development of male characteristics.
Epinephrine
-
The adrenal glands release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood during times of stress. Working together, they stimulate the heart, open airways and increase blood flow to the muscles.
-
