What Is Gall Bladder Sludge?

Gallbladder sludge, also known as biliary sludge, is a combination of tiny, sand-like particles, bile and mucus. It sometimes forms in the gallbladder. Gallbladder sludge is thought to be a precursor to gallstones.

Gallbladder Function

The gallbladder stores bile, which is produced by the liver to help break down the fats in food. This reserved bile is released into the small intestine during meals.

Formation of Gallbladder Sludge

Bile contains cholesterol and bilirubin, a waste product. When cholesterol or bilirubin levels exceed a certain point, minute crystals form and pain or other symptoms can result.

Risk Factors

Risk factors for developing gallbladder sludge include being female, obese, over 40 years old, or sedentary.

Symptoms

Gallbladder sludge may produce no symptoms, or may result in upper abdominal or shoulder blade pain, especially on the right side. If the gallbladder or pancreas becomes inflamed, fever, unrelenting pain, jaundice, nausea, or vomiting may occur.

Treatment

For individuals without symptoms, a low-fat diet and exercise may resolve gallbladder sludge. Removal of the gallbladder may be necessary when more severe symptoms occur. Medication may be prescribed to those who are unable or unwilling to have surgery.

References

• Biliary Sludge: When Should It Not be Ignored?
• American Gastroenterological Association

Resources

• National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC)
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases