Example of Newton's Three Laws of Motion

The three laws of motion were put forth by Isaac Newton the 17th century and have proven to be fundamental in the formation of classical physics.

  1. History

    • Newton's three laws of motion were first published in the 1687 book "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), originally written in Latin.

    First Law

    • Newton's first law is that an object in motion remains in motion unless an external force acts upon it. This concept is known as inertia. If a car is in motion and hits a brick wall, the passenger will remain in motion until stopped by an external force, like the brick wall. If the passenger is wearing a seatbelt, the seatbelt will be the external force that keeps the passenger from remaining in motion.

    Second Law

    • The second law states that force equals mass times acceleration or F = ma. For example, the amount of force needed to move a 1,000kg object at 5 meters per second is 5,000 Newtons.

    Third Law

    • Newton's third law is that for every action in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction. For example, fish and birds move by pushing their surroundings (water and air) behind them, which propels them forward.

    The Role of Gravity

    • Newton also developed the Law of Universal Gravitation--that objects gravitate toward one another due to their mass and closeness, and that the weight of an object is determined by the force of gravity on said object. On earth, gravity is the external force that acts upon a moving object to bring it to a halt due to friction between the object and the ground. If there was no gravity (as in space) and one pushed a box, it would remain in motion indefinitely.

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