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The Effects of Hormones on Depression & Anxiety

Hormones have a significant influence on regulation of mood and anxiety in humans. Medical treatments, such as antidepressant medications that act on neurotransmitters and hormone replacement therapy may be a treatment option for you for treating depression and anxiety.

  1. Estrogen-"Female Sex Hormone"

    • Estrogen levels have been linked to the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms. According to Osvaldo et al (2009), estrogen replacement in older women improved mood and cognitive abilities.

    Testosterone-"Male Sex Hormone"

    • Testosterone levels have been linked to changes in mood and anxiety. Elevated testosterone levels appear to help decrease anxiety when faced with a stressful situation. Low levels of testosterone are linked to depressive symptoms, including fatigue.

    Cortisol-"Stress Hormone"

    • Cortisol levels increase when faced with a stressful situation. Sleep deprivation and consistently high stress levels are associated with increased cortisol levels.

    Serotonin

    • Serotonin levels that are low are common with individuals experiencing depressive symptoms and anxiety. Medications, such as SSRI antidepressants, are used to increase serotonin production or block reuptake.

    Norepinephrine

    • Low norepinephrine levels are associated with feelings of depression. Elevated levels of norepinephrine are present during stressful periods. Norepinephrine release appears to play a role in the "flight-or-fight" response.

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