Getting Your Period & Pregnancy

Menstruation is the process of shedding the lining of the uterus that results in the decrease of estrogen and progesterone levels. Bleeding during pregnancy often raises concerns about the possibility of menstruation; however, there are many causes that can contribute to bleeding during pregnancy.

First Trimester Bleeding

Cervical changes can cause bleeding during early pregnancy which can often be mistaken as a period. Implantation bleeding may occur 10 to 14 days after fertilization. Other causes may be due to cervical cancer, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage or cervical infections.

Second/Third Trimester

Bleeding during the second and third trimester may be caused by placenta previa, placental abruption, cervical insufficiency or preterm labor.

Tests

Blood tests may be performed to determine the cause of bleeding. Testing may include human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone levels, Rh sensitization and ultrasound.

Treatment

Treatment may include dilation and curettage (D&C) or medication if miscarriage has occurred. Treatment for preterm labor may include hospitalization, medication or rest. Cervical insufficiency (CI) treatment requires reduced physical activity, bed rest or cerclage. Placenta previa and placental abruption requires immediate medical intervention resulting in cesarean birth to protect mother and baby.

Labor

Bleeding before labor is common, and is often referred to losing the "mucous plug," a lining of mucous that forms in the cervix to help protect a baby against infection during pregnancy.

Warning

Seek prompt medical advice if bleeding is accompanied with pain or lower abdominal cramping. This may be a symptom of a more serious condition.

References

• Mayo Clinic
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
• March of Dimes