What Are the Metals on the Periodic Table?

Metals are distinguished by their properties and their locations on the periodic table of the elements. Metals are ready contributors of electrons, which can be directed as current flow.

Characteristics

Besides being good electrical conductors, metals are good conductors of heat. They are generally malleable and ductile. Many, though not all, metals exhibit high density. Metals are often alloyed to improve their characteristics.

Bulk Metal

In bulk form, such as a block or wire, metal atoms constitute a lattice. Valence electrons of the metal are loosely held and able to disassociate from any particular atom. These electrons are able to weave throughout the metal lattice. Applying electric potential causes them to flow.

Periodic Table

The periodic table can be used to identify the metals (see illustration).

Theories of Metals

There are a variety of quantum mechanical theories of metals. Each does well in explaining some of their properties. One of the more popular theories is the "Nearly Free Electron Theory."

Bloch's Theorem

The NFET model explains conductivity. It is based on Bloch's Theorem, in which an electron (or other particle) is placed in a periodic potential (such as the lattice of nuclei).

References

• Georgia State University; Hyperphysics; "Conductors and Insulators"
• University of California, Santa Cruz; "Periodic Systems and the Bloch Theorem"