Premature Baby Health Risks

Premature babies are those born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. According to the March of Dimes, 12.8 percent of babies in the U.S. are born prematurely every year (references 1), putting them at risk for a long list of health complications.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) occurs when an infant's immature lungs don't produce enough surfactant, a substance required for baby's lungs to expand. Artificial surfactant can usually be given to treat the problem.

Infection

Immature immune systems mean premature babies are at risk for both viral and bacterial infections of all kinds, some of which can be treated with drugs.

Anemia

Premature infants can develop anemia if they lack adequate red blood cells due to insufficient iron stores. Dietary supplements or blood transfusions may help.

Apnea

Apnea, which occurs when baby stops breathing, is common among premature babies and requires careful monitoring.

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is an abnormal growth of blood vessels in a baby's eyes that puts her at risk for vision loss. The condition may resolve itself or require laser treatment.

References

• March of Dimes

Resources

• KidsHealth