Facts About Diamonds
Diamonds are crystals of carbon atoms arranged in a rigid lattice structure. Since diamonds have special optical properties, they are valued as gemstones. Diamonds are also prized for their extreme hardness, and are used as industrial cutting and grinding tools.
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Formation
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Most diamonds are formed in high pressure conditions far below the earth's surface. This process takes 1 to 3 billion years. Sometimes, a meteor's impact forms tiny diamonds within the crater.
Types
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Diamonds are classified based on color, clarity, cut and carat weight. Diamonds usually range from colorless to pale yellow, but also occur in blue, green, pink, brown, black and red.
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Geography
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Sixty-five percent of the world's diamonds come from Africa. Many diamonds are found in Russia, Canada, Australia and South America.
Warning
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In some countries, revolutionary groups control diamond mines and sell diamonds to fund wars. These are called "conflict diamonds." In the 1990s, 4 percent of diamonds were conflict diamonds, but as of 2009, this has been reduced to less than 1 percent. The diamond industry is also notorious for employing children to work long hours in poor conditions.
Benefits
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The diamond industry provides employment and much needed income to developing African countries. Diamonds are an important source of funding against the HIV pandemic in southern Africa.
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References
Resources
- Photo Credit paprutzi: Flickr.com
