The History of Drunk Driving
Drunk driving has been a problem throughout the world ever since the creation of the automobile. While driving under the influence has always been dangerous, the laws and views of drunk driving have changed dramatically over the past century.
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The Early Phase
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New York became the first state to institute laws against drunk driving in 1910, roughly 20 years after the automobile was invented. In 1939 Indiana became the first state to set a blood alcohol content (BAC) level to determine drunkenness. It was set at .15 which is double the current American standard, in most states, of .08.
Field Sobriety Tests
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The original method used to determine a driver's level of intoxication was a field sobriety test, in which the suspect must demonstrate his or her sobriety by performing tests of coordination, such as walking a straight line or standing on one leg. While field sobriety tests are still used today, the primary method police use to measure intoxication is the Breathalyzer, which indirectly measures blood alcohol content.
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the Breathalyzer Invention
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The modern-day Breathalyzer was invented by Dr. Robert Borkenstein, a professor at Indiana State University, in 1954. The device analyzes the chemical oxidation in a person's breath to indirectly determine blood alcohol content. While not as accurate as a blood test, the breathalyzer is less invasive on subjects and more convenient for police to use in the field.
MADD
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Mothers Against Drunk Driving was founded in 1980 by Candice Lightner after her 13-year-old daughter was killed by a drunk driver. The group has fought to curb drunk driving and establish stricter drinking laws.
Modern Laws
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Laws vary between countries and states as to specific penalties for driving under the influence. However, typically a first offense will result in a heavy fine and loss of license, while repeat offenses will usually lead to jail time, even heavier fines and possible a lifetime suspension of license.
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