Types of Topsoil
Topsoil is literally the soil on top--the few inches of soil that you see in gardens, lawns and fields. This means that almost any type of soil can qualify as topsoil.
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Optimal Topsoil
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According to Peg Herring of Oregon State University Extension, optimal topsoil is "loam, or sandy loam, with fairly equal proportions by feel of sand, silt and clay."
Clay and Gravel
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Any soil can be called topsoil, including a rocky mix and thick clay. Either of these would most likely have to be amended, depending on what purpose the topsoil will be used for.
Salt Levels
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It is possible for an otherwise good-looking topsoil to be too high in salt content. Amend with low-salt material to bring the salinity down. J.G. Davis and C.R. Wilson of Colorado State University Extension recommend either sphagnum peat, or plant-matter compost.
Pre-Packaged
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According to John Begeman of the University of Arizona, pre-packaged topsoil bought from nurseries is similar to potting soil and usually good for vegetable and flower beds. However, it is too heavy for use in container gardens.
Cautions
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Inspect any topsoil you are considering buying before handing over your money. Because no legal guidelines exist for what can be in topsoil, the topsoil could be completely inappropriate for your purposes. Find out the history and amendment composition as well, as some topsoils, especially from farms, may contain pesticide residue.
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