Metoprolol Pill Side Effects
Metoprolol, the active ingredient in prescription medications such as Lopressor and Toprol XL, is an agent used to treat hypertension, angina, certain abnormal heart rhythms and other cardiac conditions. It may also be used to prevent migraine headache. Metoprolol is classified as a beta-blocker. It works by inhibiting certain receptors in the heart tissue (beta receptors) that help regulate heart rate. It also serves to prevent erratic expansion and constriction of the blood vessels.
Central nervous system effects are the most commonly seen side effects of beta-blocker therapy, which is generally well tolerated. Other effects have also been reported, however.
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Central Nervous System Effects
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Drowsiness, fatigue and decreased sexual function have been noted in more than 10 percent of metoprolol patients. Depression and insomnia may also occur.
Gastrointestinal Effects
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Diarrhea, constipation, gastric discomfort, vomiting, nausea and loss of appetite have been noted.
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Circulatory and Respiratory System Effects
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Excessively slow heart rate, palpitations and swelling have been reported. Coldness in the hands and feet is rare but may occur due to decreased circulation in the extremities. In patients with heart disease, congestive heart failure or heart block are risks of beta-blocker therapy. Some beta-blockers may also affect receptors in the lungs and cause bronchospasms in asthmatic patients.
Metabolic and Endocrine Effects
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Blood sugar fluctuations may be seen with metoprolol therapy, both high and low. In diabetic patients, low blood sugar symptoms may be masked by beta-blockers.
Warning
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Abrupt discontinuation of beta-blocker therapy can worsen chest pain and/or suddenly increase blood pressure. In some cases, sudden cardiac death or heart attack have occurred from abrupt withdrawal from beta-blockers.
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References
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