Dietary Recommendations for Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease in which the large intestine becomes irritated. Symptoms include diarrhea, anemia, fever, food intolerances and malnutrition. The condition may occur in cycles of no inflammation and relapse inflammation. Dietary changes are often recommended to help prevent relapses or relieve symptoms.

Nutritional Management

The goal of nutritional management is to restore and maintain an adequate nutritional state. Diet changes usually must be individualized to specific food intolerances.

Nutrient Needs

Protein intake is often increased in cases of ulcerative colitis. Supplements of folate and vitamins B6 and B12 often prove beneficial. Zinc potassium and selenium supplementation help fight diarrhea.

Symptom Management

In cases of severe diarrhea, high fiber and high fluid intakes can be recommended. If steatorrhea or fatty diarrhea occurs, a low-fat diet may be necessary, with medium-chain fatty acid supplementation. Obstructed bowel may call for a no-fiber, low-residue diet.

Relapse Prevention

A nourishing diet, including a high amount of omega fatty acids and probiotics, can help prevent inflammation and relapses. It also is wise to exclude lactose, sorbitol and fructose as much as possible.

Medical Management

The goal of medical treatment of ulcerative colitis is to maintain bowel health as well as prevent malnutrition. Medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics are often prescribed.

References

• Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy. L. Kathleen Mahan. 2008.