- Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces too little thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.
- Some of the effects of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weight gain, slow heart rate and depression. People with hypothyroidism often tend to feel cold. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include rapid weight loss, nervousness, bulging eyes and irregular menstrual cycles.
- Hypothyroidism may be caused by a person having a thyroidectomy, thyroiditis, or by having too little iodine in their diet. Causes of hyperthyroidism may include an autoimmune disorder called Graves Disease, taking too much thyroid medication, or consuming too much iodine.
- A doctor can determine whether a person suffers from hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism by doing a blood test. Because thyroid hormone levels can vary throughout the day, more than one test may be necessary.
- Hypothyroidism is usually treated with hormone replacement therapy. The patient will most likely have to remain on the therapy for life. People with hyperthyroidism may have to take an anti-thyroid medication. Other treatment options include radioactive iodine therapy and removal of the thyroid gland.
- Women who are pregnant and think they may have one of these disorders are strongly urged to get tested. Both disorders, if left untreated, can cause adverse effects in the developing fetus.
