Sulfameth Trimeth Side Effects
Sulfamethoxazle-Trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP), also known by the trade names Bactrim, Septra and Sulfatrim, is a sulfa-based antimicrobial used to treat or prevent several types of bacterial infection. SMZ-TMP is active against the bacteria that common causes of urinary tract infections. Some types of ear infections and bronchitis may also respond to SMZ-TMP treatment. In addition, SMZ-TMP is used in prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (PCP), a serious opportunistic infection seen in AIDS patients or other subjects with compromised immunity. SMZ-TMP may be used to treat traveler's diarrhea or typhoid fever as well.
SMZ-TMP is contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergy or certain enzyme deficiencies. Gastrointestinal and dermatologic side effects occur most often with SMZ-TMP, but other reactions have also been reported.
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Gastrointestinal/Hepatic Effects
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Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and pancreatitis have been noted with SMZ-TMP use. It may also cause pseudomembranous colitis, a rare, opportunistic bowel infection resulting in severe diarrhea. Abnormal liver function tests, hepatitis and elevated bilirubin levels have also occurred.
Dermatologic Effects
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Skin rash, itching and a severe allergic response known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome have been reported. SMZ-TMP increases the photo-sensitivity of skin in some patients, so use sunscreen during therapy.
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Kidney and Urinary Effects
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SMZ-TMP can cause crystallization of the urine and should always be taken with a full glass of water. Other renal effects may include nephritis, renal failure and increased urine output.
Central Nervous and Musculoskeletal System Effects
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Side effects include depression, confusion, fever, seizures and muscle and joint pain.
Metabolic and Endocrine
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SMZ-TMP has been known to induce blood sugar fluctuations and, at higher doses, increase serum potassium levels.
Other Useful Information
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Take SMZ-TMP with a full glass of water. The entire course of therapy should be finished unless otherwise directed by a physician. Some SMZ-TMP tablets are quite large, and may be crushed to swallow easier.
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