Reasons for Low Blood Sugar Levels
Unlike other organs that can use different fuels, the human brain needs a continuous supply of carbohydrate fuel for normal function. "Hypoglycemia," or low blood sugar, is a decrease in the blood glucose level with potentially serious consequences.
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Identification
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Low blood sugar is usually defined by levels below 60 mg/dL, although some people feel symptoms above this level. Levels below 50 mg/dL can harm brain function.
Medical Reasons
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Hypoglycemia can result from: misused insulin or anti-diabetic drugs; drug changes or overdose; severe infection; kidney, pancreas or liver disease; gastric surgery; inherited metabolic problems; hormone deficiencies; or insulinomas.
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Lifestyle-Related Causes
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Lifestyle-related reasons for low blood sugar might include: changes in activity; alcohol intoxication; certain toxic ingestions; fasting, starvation or other alimentary problems.
Signs & Symptoms
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Hypoglycemia initially manifests through tremors, clammy skin, palpitations, anxiety, sweating, hunger and irritability. More serious symptoms include headaches, mental confusion, fainting, seizures and coma.
Prevention/Solution
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Patient education and proper attention to lifestyle, nutrition and mealtimes can help prevent low blood sugar. Quick-sugar foods, fruit juice or non-diet soda are recommended short-term treatments.
Warning
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It's important to recognize early symptoms of low blood sugar and seek urgent care if the person becomes confused because prolonged hypoglycemia can cause brain damage or death.
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References
Resources
- Photo Credit Blood Glucose Monitor (courtesy of BrokenSphere / Wikimedia Commons)
