How Are Tapeworms Treated in Humans?

Tapeworms (cestodes) are segmented flat worms that range in size from 6 inches to 25 feet. There are five types that can infect humans: beef tapeworms, pork tapeworms, fish tapeworms, dog tapeworms and dwarf tapeworms. People usually become infected by ingesting infected meat or contaminated water.

Significance

Tapeworms usually live and feed in your intestines, causing indigestion, bloating, malnutrition and anemia. Pork tapeworm larvae can invade and form cysts in other areas of your body, such as your brain, spine, heart, muscles and eyes, causing severe damage.

Tapeworm Treatment

Tapeworms are only effectively treated with antiparasitic drugs (nicosamide, praziquantal or albendazole), with the choice of drug depending on the type of tapeworm.

Cyst Treatment

Cysts in the central nervous system (spine, brain), heart or eyes are treated with steroids to reduce inflammation. In some cases, the cysts must be removed surgically, followed by 2 years of antiparasitic drugs.

Vitamin B-12 Treatment

Some tapeworms prevent absorption of vitamin B-12 from the intestines, causing anemia-like symptoms. You may need daily vitamin B-12 supplements.

Follow-Up

It may take up to 3 months to pass all worms and eggs, so you will need regular stool exams. In some cases, repeat treatment may be needed.

References

• Tapeworm Infestation; eMedicine; Izrizarry, L, & Phan, P.
• Taeniasis; CDC, Department of Parasitic Diseases

Resources

• Tapeworm Infection; MayoClinic.com

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