How Is Scoliosis Diagnosed?
Scoliosis is often first discovered during school screenings or routine doctor visits. Further tests and xrays are usually required to reach a medical diagnosis that will determine what, if any, treatment the patient should undergo.
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School Screenings
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The school screening uses a test called Adam's Forward Bend, which will show any differences between one side of the back and the other. Uneven hip positions may also be observed using this test.
Doctor Visit
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A physician will observe the patient in the Forward Bend as well as standing upright, and may measure the highest point (apex) of an identified curve using an inclinometer. X-rays will be taken if the apex measurement is significant.
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Referral
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The patient may be referred to an orthopedic specialist who will measure the curve(s) on the x-ray, using the Cobb method to determine how severe the curve is in degrees.
Other Tests
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When a significant curve has been identified, the orthopedic specialist may check leg lengths, reflexes, nerve sensation and muscle strength to detect the presence of any functional deficits.
Treatment
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A curve of less than 20 degrees will merely be monitored, while curves exceeding that measurement usually require treatment and frequent monitoring. A curve larger than 40 to 45 degrees may require surgery.
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