Periodontal Gum Disease

There are two different types of periodontal diseases: gingivitis and periodontitis. These diseases are caused by bacterial infections of the gums.

Considerations

Almost all gum disease is caused initially by inadequate oral hygiene. Left untreated, gingivitis will develop and eventually lead to more serious periodontal diseases.

Types

Once gingivitis has gone untreated, it can lead to one of these forms of periodontitis: aggressive periodontitis, chronic periodontitis, necrotizing periodontitis and periodontitis caused by systemic disease.

Susceptibility

Chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis occur in healthy individuals, usually after they have progressed past gingivitis. Necrotizing periodontitis is almost only found in individuals with suppressed immune function.

Effects

The effects of different periodontal diseases are similar, and sometimes vary only by severity of symptoms. Symptoms that are common to all types of periodontal gum disease except gingivitis are: shifting of teeth, loosening of teeth, receding gum line, pus beneath the gum line and loss of bone mass in jaw bone.

Prevention/Solution

Good oral hygiene habits are the best prevention for all periodontal gum diseases. Brushing at least twice daily and flossing once daily are minimum preventive measures that reduce bacteria in the mouth. Regular visits with a dentist get rid of plaque and tartar that are missed with regular brushing and flossing.

References

• Periodontal disease overview
• Oral health and gum disease