What Are Babushka Dolls?

Babushka dolls, more accurately called "matryoshka" or Russian nesting dolls, consist of a series of successively smaller dolls housed inside a larger wooden doll. The largest doll is the "Matryona," a popular Russian girl's name which, in its diminutive form, gives the iconic toy its name.

History

The exact origins of babushka dolls are unknown, but myths link the toy to a goddess hidden from prying eyes inside a series of golden shells. Around 1890, Russian artisans began marketing nesting dolls for purchase.

Types

The first matryoshka featured an outer female doll in traditional peasant garb, with several children and a baby nestled within. Over time, the dolls were adapted to show Russian fairy tales and caricatures of political and entertainment figures.

Features

Russian nesting dolls, carved from a single piece of soft wood, are most commonly found in cylindrical or pear shapes. Decorations include women dressed in shawls and kerchiefs, flowers or storybook scenes.

Size

The smallest matryoshka can be smaller than a child's fingernail; the largest are one foot or more in height. The number of dolls can be as few as three, but common sets consist of 4, 8 or 12 pieces.

Misconceptions

Matryoshka are often incorrectly called "babushka" dolls due to their grandmotherly appearance.

Significance

Today, along with lacquered boxes and religious icons, matryoshka are among the most popular Russian souvenirs.

References

• Land of the Firebird: The Beauty of Old Russia; Suzanne Massie; 1980

Resources

• Fact-based history of the dolls as well as numerous matryoshka sets for purchase.
• Article in Russian Life magazine about the origins of matryoshka, "The Soul of Russia."
• Informative history of nesting dolls as well as links to matryoshka sellers
• Detailed explanation of matryoshka creation process.