An Introduction to Buddhism

Buddhism is a world religion practiced predominantly in the East. It is based on the teachings of Buddha, or the Enlightened One, rather than the Western religious belief in a supreme being, or God. Meditation and reincarnation play major roles in an adherent's life.

History

In 525 B.C., Indian Prince Siddhartha Gautama used meditation to transform into Buddha. As Buddha, he achieved Nirvana, a state of being that transcends life's suffering. Buddhism spread from India through Asia, reaching Europe and America by the 19th century.

Significance

According to the 2008 World Almanac and Book of Facts, there are 382,542,000 Buddhists in the world. Buddhism's nonviolence is embodied in Tibet's spiritual leader and political figure, Tenzin Gyatso, the Dalai Lama, who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989.

Types

There are two main denominations that developed along geographical lines. Theravada, or Southern Buddhism is the most conservative. Mahayana, or Northern Buddhism, allows several paths to enlightenment, combining meditation and ritual.

Features

The three jewels are the basic tenets of belief: Buddha (Enlightened One), Dharma (truth), and Sangha (community).

Fun Fact

An inspirational Buddha quote: "Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment."

Famous Ties

American actor Richard Gere and singer Tina Turner are Buddhist.

References

• The World Almanac and Book of Facts; C. Alan Joyce; 2008
• Self; What Exactly Is Buddhism, and Why Is It so Hip Now?; Barbera Graham; December 1997
• Buddha Quotes

Resources

• Buddhist Education and Information Network
• Readings in Theravada Buddhism