Information on the Integration of the University of Alabama

The integration of the University of Alabama became official in June 11, 1963. On that day, Vivian J. Malone and James A. Hood became the first African-American students to maintain enrollment at the University. In the years leading up to their enrollment, riots blocked other attempts in finally desegregate the University of Alabama. One of integration's biggest opponents was Alabama Governor George Wallace.

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

In 1954, the United State Supreme Court decided that it was unconstitutional for children to be denied equal access to public educational facilities. This decision meant that not even state government could block the integration of the University of Alabama.

The First Attempt

On February 3, 1956, Autherine Lucy Foster, a graduate student in library science, became the first African-American to enroll at a white public institute in Alabama. However, her attempt to fully integrate the University of Alabama was marred by a hostile mob, and she dropped out of school within three days.

"Stand in the Schoolhouse Door"

Governor George Wallace, in his inaugural address, vowed to stand in front of the school, blocking federal authorities' integration of the University of Alabama.

June 11, 1963

Governor Wallace stood in front of Foster Auditorium to block Vivian J. Malone and James A. Hood's to college registration. The federal authorities presented a "Cease and Desist" order from President John F. Kennedy, but Wallace wouldn't budge.

The National Guard

Brigadier General Henry Graham and the 31st Division of the National Guard showed up to enforce the president's order, leading to the integration of the University of Alabama.