What Is HPV & How Is it Contagious?

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease. There are more than 40 types of HPV, which can affect both males and females. HPV affects the skin of the vulva, penis, and anus and the linings of the vagina, cervix and rectum.

Symptoms

There are often no symptoms of HPV, and many people have it without even knowing it. Certain types of HPV can cause genital warts on both males and females.

Diagnosis

HPV can be detected in females through a pelvic exam and pap smear. There are no screening tests to detect HPV in males, though a diagnosis may be made if genital warts appear.

Cancer

Certain types of HPV can cause cervical cancer as well as cancers of the vagina, vulva, penis and anus. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer caused by the HPV virus and can be detected early through regular pap smears.

Transmission

HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. Genital HPV is transmitted through intercourse, and it is estimated that approximately 50 percent of sexually active people have had genital HPV.

Prevention

HPV can be prevented by using condoms during intercourse. A vaccine is now available for females ages 11 through 26 that protects against the four types of HPV known to cause most genital warts and cervical cancers.

Treatment

While there is no treatment for HPV yet, the body's natural immune system will usually fight off the virus within two years.