What Does the Adrenal Gland Do?

The adrenal glands are a component of the endocrine system. There are two adrenal glands, referred to as suprarenal glands, located on top of each kidney. Endocrine glands, such as the adrenal glands, directly influence the body by secreting into the blood, rather than through an intermediary, such as a glandular duct.The adrenal glands are composed of two major components: the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex.

Epinephrine

Epinephrine and norepinephrine, more commonly called adrenaline and noradrenaline, are produced by the adrenal medulla. These are hormones that increase heart rate, glucose levels and oxygen in the body, while suppressing non-essential bodily functions.

Cortisol

Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; it helps to regulate blood sugar and pressure, and suppress immune function.

Other hormones

The adrenal glands are also responsible for the production of DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone), aldosterone and testosterone.

Stress

The andrenal glands are considered to be the "stress glands" and are largely responsible for regulating the stress response by initiating and suppressing the "fight or flight" response.

Chronic Stress

Chronic stress response triggers a persistent production of adrenaline and noradrenaline as well as a subsequent cortisol production that keeps the immune system suppressed over a long period of time, often leading to adrenal fatigue and persistent illness.