- Venous insufficiency is the inability of a vein to return blood properly to the heart. Veins contain valves that keep the blood from moving backward and pooling in the legs; sometimes, these valves weaken or break off, causing venous insufficiency that leads to varicose veins. Peripheral arterial disease is the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
- Venous insufficiency is most likely genetic; a sedentary lifestyle may contribute, since movement helps return blood to the heart. Peripheral arterial disease is caused a poor diet, smoking, a sedentary lifestyle; it may be exacerbated by diabetes.
- Both conditions are diagnosed by using ultrasound to listen to blood flow. Peripheral arterial disease may also be diagnosed by comparing ankle blood pressures to arm blood pressures, known as an ankle-brachial index (ABI).
- Venous insufficiency is corrected using laser ablation, although conventional surgery may be used. Peripheral arterial disease is treated with lifestyle changes and blood thinners, such as aspirin. Severe blockages may require surgery that cleans the artery or bypasses the affected area.
- While venous insufficiency cannot necessarily be prevented,frequently getting exercise and elevating the feet may help. Peripheral arterial disease can be prevented by eating well, getting regular exercise and refraining from smoking.
