How Accurate Is DNA Testing?

DNA testing has become one of the most important factors in learning about genetic information, and aiding in the prevention and diagnosis of diseases. It also helps in determining the paternity of parents of newborn children and estranged family members.

Forensic Science

Forensic scientists use DNA from skin, semen, saliva, blood and hair to determine genetic likeness between subjects as well as for solving crimes.

Origins

DNA was first recognized in the 1800s by a Swiss physician. The first DNA test was done in the 1980s, in which scientists determined that Anna Anderson was not related to royalty, contrary to her claims. Her DNA was not tested until years after her death.

Familial Ties

Since the 1980s, DNA testing has reunited thousands of families throughout the world. It is often also used to diagnose diseases and conditions. In the early 2000s, DNA testing kits became available to use at home.

Cases

The first criminal caught using DNA analysis was a British baker by the name of Colin Pitchfork (in 1987). That same year, the United States prosecuted Tommy Lee Andrews, who was caught using DNA technology via semen collected from a murdered rape victim.

Flaws

Some cases of DNA testing have resulted in false imprisonment. In the late 1990s, a British man was held prisoner for seven hours on a false DNA test result linking him to a burglary he didn't commit. Mishandling in laboratories during the testing of DNA can result in inaccurate results.

Decades of Closure

Even though there are a few cases of inaccuracies in DNA testing, overall it has proven to be an effective and accurate way to pinpoint evidence at crime scenes. Since the 1980s, more than 200 people have been exonerated from crimes they were innocent of, including some who have served extended sentences of 20 or more years.

Resources

• DNA Information