What is the Purpose of a Yarmulke?

A yarmulke (sometimes called a skullcap in English or a kippah in Hebrew) is a headcovering that observant Jewish men (and some women) wear. They come in many different styles, but the purpose is always the same: to show respect for God.

Meaning

Yarmulke is a Yiddish word. Tradition derives it from the Aramaic phrase "yira malka," which means "respect for the king." In Hebrew, the headcovering is called a kippah, which means "dome."

Function

The yarmulke's function is to cover the head out of respect for God. It also reminds the wearer of the obligations of living a Jewish life, and makes an identifying statement that the wearer is an observant Jew.

Identification

Orthodox men wear yarmulkes all the time, except when they are bathing or sleeping. Some Conservative Jews (both men and women) wear yarmulkes all the time, but it is more common for them to wear yarmulkes just to synagogue or when making a blessing (for example, at mealtimes). Reform Jews are not required to wear yarmulkes, but local customs vary.

Types

Yarmulkes are often made out of suede, satin, or velvet, or are knitted or crocheted. A larger and more structured style, known as a Bukharan kippah, is often embroidered.

Fun Fact

Although yarmulkes serve a serious religious function, they can be decorated to show off a person's personality or interests. Popular motifs include sports teams, college logos and even favorite bands.

Resources

• Learn more about yarmulkes and other Jewish ritual items at Judaism 101.