Skills Needed to Develop Effective Communication

A skill is a repeatable, goal-oriented behavior. To determine the skills necessary for effective communication, researchers Brian H. Spitzberg, PhD, and William R. Cupach, PhD, identified over 100 specific skills and grouped them into four categories: attentiveness, composure, coordination and expressiveness. Understanding why these skills are important and how to use them can improve your communication competence.

Attentiveness

Showing concern for the person you are communicating with is critical whether you are talking face-to-face with a client or texting a co-worker. Ask questions to check whether you are receiving the message properly.

Composure

Balancing your goals with the goals of others is key to appropriate communication. Strive to be an assertive communicator by working toward win-win solutions that allow both parties' needs to be met.

Coordination

Managing conversations can help interaction flow smoothly. Look for nonverbal cues to indicate speaking turn, and avoid interrupting.

Expressiveness

By using body language and vocal variations (rate, pitch, volume), you can add an emotional element to messages you send and receive. Emoticons are commonly used in email, instant message and texting to add expression to less rich forms of media.

Competent Use of Skills

The art of communication is knowing how to balance skills and apply them according to context. Avoid overusing these skills. For example, a sales person may show attentiveness by using a person's name in conversation, but using it too frequently could cause him to be perceived as fake.