When Was the United States Navy Established?

The United States Navy has been established and reestablished a number of times throughout American history. From the early days of the American Revolution to the modern era, the Navy has gone through a variety of incarnations and changes. The size and structure was adjusted at different points in history depending on necessity and resources available. Many people attribute John Paul Jones with the establishment of the United States Navy; however, this is essentially a falsehood.

Attempting to Establish the U.S. Navy

The attempt to establish an official navy during the American Revolution was wrought with controversy. Many people felt the nation needed a force to protect shipping at sea, while others felt that it was an impossible challenge to battle the British Royal Navy.

Foundation of the U.S. Navy

George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, commissioned seven cruisers to capture British vessels. This force was the foundation of the original U.S. Navy and became active on October 13, 1775.

Pirate Attacks

Following the Revolution, the Navy was abolished due to its high cost of operations and limited role it provided. This left the United States open to many pirate attacks and no protection of its civil craft from rival nations.

Coast Guard

In 1790, Congress established the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service, essentially a coast guard. These ships were designed to engage pirates and protect the coastline; however, they did not engage in action at sea.

Establishing the U.S. Navy

On March 27, 1794, Congress ordered the construction of six frigates to operate under the banner of the U.S. Navy. The first three went into operation in 1797. This action established the U.S. Navy as a functioning and viable military force.

Resources

• Birth of the U.S. Navy
• Naval History and Heritage Command
• History of the Navy and Naval Ships

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