What is a Condenser Microphone?

Condenser microphones are one of the two major types of microphones, the other being dynamic microphones. Condenser microphones are used for a variety of different purposes and require some consideration of their features before use.

Definition

Different from dynamic microphones, condenser microphones use electricity to maintain a field within the microphone's inner workings that changes based on the vibrations of the noise being picked up by the mic.

Use

Condenser microphones are ideal for recording, due to their tonal clarity and better range of tonal features they can pick up relative to dynamic microphones. They are not so good for use on stage, because they are fragile, expensive and extremely sensitive to the elements.

Cost

Condenser microphones use components that are fragile and difficult to manufacture. Unlike dynamic microphones, which are usually solid as a rock, condenser microphones need to be precision-engineered to sound their best. Condenser microphones can cost several thousand dollars for fine vocal recording models.

Specialized for your Studio Project

In the studio, the right condenser microphone for voice and each instrument family will make the difference between sounding good and sounding outstanding. If you are on a tight budget, a good dynamic mic like the Shure SM-58 will do for now.

Special Accessories

While dynamic microphones run straight into a PA system or audio interface will produce plenty of tone, a condenser microphone requires a preamp or other source of "phantom power," usually at 45 watts. This is because the vibrations being converted into electrical energy need to be amplified to a level that can be read by their destination.

Good Brands of Condenser Microphones

Everyone has their favorites, but some good bets are MXL, Shure and Blue Microphones. Do your research; don't just buy a condenser mic because it is nice and expensive. This does not mean it will suit your needs.