Muslim Laws of Marriage
Because of their religious significance, Muslim laws of marriage are very important. Though different sects have specific marriage customs and traditions, most Muslims follow a few general guidelines for marriage.
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History
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In Muslim tradition, marriage is consideration a religious duty. Muslim leaders strongly advocate marriage, and generally don't encourage celibacy.
Significance
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To Muslims, marriage is a contract and a divine institution. Everything a Muslim does on earth has religious significance.
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Valid Marriage
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A marriage is valid in Muslim tradition when there is an obvious proposal and acceptance, the couple has two competent witnesses and the husband presents the wife with a modest gift, often called a dowry. A man may not marry a woman to whom he is related.
The Ceremony
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A marriage ceremony--or nikah--consists of a sermon officiated by a state-appointed Muslim judge. Islam does not advocate a priesthood, so a trustworthy Muslim may perform the ceremony as well.
Divorce
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Though divorce has negative connotations, it's not illegal and does happen. Family and friends, though, should encourage the couple to seek reconciliation, as Allah advises in the Koran: "If they both desire agreement, Allah will effect harmony between them." (4:35)
Married Life
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Early Islamic scholars said that men and women should be considered equal. Though misconceptions do exist about relations between husband and wife, overall the Koran commands kindness: "Live with them in kindness; even if you dislike them, perhaps you dislike something in which Allah has placed much good." (4:19)
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