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Energy drinks are soft drinks advertised as providing energy to improve physical activity of the drinker, as compared to a typical drink. Rather than providing food energy (as measured in calories), these drinks are designed to increase a users mental alertness and physical performance by the addition of caffeine, vitamins, and herbal supplements which may interact to provide a stimulant effect over and above that obtained from caffeine alone.
Ingredients
Generally energy drinks include methylxanthines (including caffeine), vitamin B and herbs. Other common ingredients are guarana, acai, and taurine, plus various forms of ginseng, maltodextrin, carbonated water, inositol, carnitine, creatine, glucuronolactone and ginkgo biloba. Some contain high levels of sugar, and many brands also offer artificially-sweetened diet versions. The central ingredient in most energy drinks is caffeine, the same stimulant found in coffee or tea, often in the form of guarana or yerba mate.
Desirable effects
A variety of physiological and psychological effects attributed to energy drinks and/or their ingredients have been investigated.
Two studies reported significant improvements in mental and cognitive performances as well as increased subjective alertness. Excess consumption of energy drinks may induce mild to moderate euphoria primarily caused by stimulant properties of caffeine and may also induce agitation, anxiety, irritability and insomnia.PMID 11665810. PMID 18470842.
During repeated cycling tests in young healthy adults an energy drink significantly increased upper body muscle endurance.PMID 18046053.
It was also suggested that reversal of caffeine withdrawal is a major component of the effects of caffeine on mood and performance.PMID 12424547.
Restorative properties were shown by a combination of caffeine and the sugar glucose in an energy drink,PMID 16388831.
and some degree of synergy between the cognition-modulating effects of read more at » http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy+drink
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