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The El Nino Effect is a periodic reversal of weather conditions in the Pacific that brings floods and drought to areas not usually prepared for them. The economic consequences of this change in weather have a deep impact on human life and wellbeing, which has wider reaching political consequences around the world.
The Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution established that the federal government may not impose religious beliefs. This inclusion drew upon a long and tumultuous tradition of religious expression in the American colonies. Many people oversimplify colonial history with the view that America was always a land of religious tolerance, but the truth is much more complicated, as the northern colonies were home to a number of religions that sometimes caused rivalry and persecution.
Nurses serve an essential function to society, assisting doctors in diagnosing and treating patients who are sick or injured. Significant decisions that have a dramatic impact on nurses are made at the government level. If you are a nurse or training to become a nurse, it can be helpful to understand the political issues that influence the nursing community.
The American colonies attracted many immigrants seeking freedom to worship according to the dictates of their conscience. The many different faiths created an environment of religious pluralism and tolerance along the Atlantic coast, especially in the middle colonies of Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Delaware. Such conditions would later not only greatly affect the American Revolutionary War but also lead to the protection of freedom of worship in the U.S. Constitution.
The original 13 colonies are usually divided into three separate regions, New England, the Middle Colonies and the Southern Colonies. The Middle Colonies consisted of Delaware, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania. Although these three regions had many similarities, there are distinct differences between them. These differences are in the people who settled there, their religious differences, the differences in geography, and their cultures, customs and traditions.
Delaware had a smaller role in the nation's colonial history than larger colonies, but it had an active and unique story that contributed to the eventual birth of an independent United States. Initially, Delaware was claimed by several nations: Britain, the Netherlands, and even Sweden. The English took over in 1664, and it remained a British colony from then on until independence.
The Middle Colonies include the four colonies of New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania. While the Dutch and Swedes were the first Europeans to settle in the Middle Colonies, French, German, English, Scotts-Irish and Welsh settlers soon joined them. The European settlers established diverse religious sects and established trading relationships with the Iroquois Indians who lived in the area.
The Middle Colonies formed the central hub for the European colonization of a North America already populated by a long-rooted native population. The Hudson River was the early spine for colonies that sprouted settlements in New York, Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The location provided a wealth of advantages.
The colony of Georgia was established by the British in 1733 under the leadership of James Oglethorpe. It was strategically situated just north of the Spanish outposts of Florida to prevent further Spanish encroachment in North America. Georgia was barely 40 years old when the U.S. revolution broke out, but by that time, the young colony had a growing, diverse population, and an economy that had been recently introduced to slavery.
The Quaker colony of Pennsylvania began in 1681 when William Penn sent his cousin William Markham as deputy governor to take power and lay out the city of Philadelphia. Penn came in 1682, visited Philadelphia, created three counties and called for an Assembly. This Assembly united the Delaware counties with Pennsylvania and adopted the Great Law, which became the fundamental beginnings of Pennsylvania law guaranteeing freedom of conscience and religious and political freedom for the Delaware Valley Quakers.
The first significant American colonial publication was "The Bay Psalm Book," printed in 1640 in Cambridge on Stephen Daye's Dutch press, under commission by the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The 11 existing copies demonstrate the quality and strength of books printed by hand presses of the day. Today, books are still printed using Daye's publishing techniques in the Colonial Williamsburg printshop.
Virginia was the first of the original 13 colonies to be established, with the Jamestown settlement in 1607. Its official name was the Colony and Dominion of Virginia. In 1633, the colony of Maryland was established as Virginia's northern neighbor. Its southern border became the colony of North Carolina in 1653. Virginia was considered one of the Middle Colonies, as was Maryland. North Carolina marked the beginning of the region of colonies that came to be known as the Southern Colonies. Virginia had no bordering colony to the east because it runs all the way to the Atlantic Ocean, while…
Each of the original 13 colonies has its own history. The colony of Georgia was started to empty out England's debtor prisons; Massachusetts was settled by Pilgrims, New York by the Dutch, then the English; and William Penn received a land grant from the king of England which became Pennsylvania. New England offered no religious toleration to anyone not a puritan, southern colonies were predominantly Anglican, and the middle colonies, including Pennsylvania, promoted some religious toleration among Christian faiths.
The term "Middle Colonies" refers to an area in north eastern North America that comprised thirteen British colonies established during the 15th and 16th century. The Middle Colonies were the four colonies located in the middle of these thirteen colonies, hence the name. The area where the Middle Colonies were located is now the modern-day states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware. What set the Middle Colonies apart from the rest of the colonies within the Thirteen Colonies was the diversity in religion, ethnicity and geography.
In 1733, James Oglethorpe founded the new colony of Georgia as a haven for debtors, who would otherwise go to prison, and as a buffer zone to protect the other colonies from Spanish and French encroachment. Ironically, few debtors came to Georgia, and the poorly-run colony did not do well until it was turned over to the Crown in 1752. From that point forward, Georgia did well, though most of its original charter and purpose was discarded.
Besides serving as a land of safety for criminals working out their debts, colonial Georgia was also a safe haven for people fleeing from religious persecution. It was here that debtors as well as persecuted Christians and Jews could find refuge and start over in a new land. Since colonial days, Georgia has remained a state that cherishes religious freedom.
There were many changes in the course of religion among the colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries. Religion was not just a spiritual or personal decision; it also had a political dimension and had great influence over the lives of the colonists. Colonial rule by the strict leadership of one type of church slowly gave way to the desire by colonists to practice the faith of their choice.
New Hampshire's first settlement was founded in 1623 when Captain John Mason ordered David Thompson to establish a fishing colony at the mouth of the Piscataqua River. Towns grew throughout New Hampshire, populated by colonists whose Puritan traditions were strong and who learned to harvest the bounty of the sea and forest to survive.
In 1883, Emma Lazarus wrote, "Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free. The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" This poem, called the New Colossus, is engraved in a plaque inside the Statue of Liberty. America is well-known for being a "melting pot" and a multi-ethnic society, and the country experienced various waves of immigration. Different ethnic groups, and at different times, had various reasons for emigrating from their native lands.
Family life in Colonial Rhode Island was central, as the family served both a social and an economic function. While economic differences may have impacted many aspects of colonial life, families in the colonial world were had more similarities than differences.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was among the original colonial settlements in the area that is now the United States. Settled by English colonists in 1630, the colony was centered in Boston and Salem and represented the area that blossomed into the state of Massachusetts. The colony was established by the Massachusetts Bay Company and was probably the third major, permanent settlement in the future U.S. colonies. It followed settlements at Jamestown and Plymouth.
The term "colonial" describes all styles of architecture built by the European arrivals to North America that depicted their individual cultures. By studying the different colonial churches across the United States, it is easy to see the many different designs from other countries such as England, Spain and France. At the beginning of American history, each nationality developed unique religious buildings, from simple meeting houses to Renaissance and Baroque high styles.
