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Calculating dollars per hour may be necessary if you're trying to find out how much money you make. Calculate dollars per hour with help from a high school math tutor in this free video clip.
Engines, like people, can live many lives in a single incarnation. The same engine that starts out under the hood of a commuter car or pickup truck may someday find itself as the motivator of choice for a generator, boat or even farm equipment. In these applications, having some idea of the engine's total hours of operation can be a good indicator of its value, condition and reliability.
No matter how good your DVR is, it's not useful if you run out of hard disk space. Take the time beforehand to calculate how much space you need for your DVR recordings. While performing this calculation may seem difficult, the best way to accomplish it is by breaking the whole process down into manageable steps.
Standard hours allowed is the total number of hours it should take your business to produce a fixed number of units. This figure is derived from your labor routing -- the average amount of time it takes to make the product your business is selling. Labor routing takes into consideration man-hours, employee breaks, machine maintenance and setup, etc. Once you know your labor routing and standard hours allowed, you can create a budget for the total number of hours it will take your business to produce the desired number of units for an accounting period.
Restaurants separate food service into three distinct components: food prep, cooking and front-of-house service. Food prep consists of a range of activities required to convert raw ingredients into components that are ready to cook quickly to fulfill customers' orders. The term labor hours refers to the number of hours of work that must be completed in a given timeframe. Restaurants compare labor hours requirements to current and expected sales income to determine how much staff they need on hand at any given time. Calculating labor hours for food prep can reveal exactly how many cooks must be assigned to prep…
All homes, whether they are apartments, houses or condominiums experience heat loss through the walls. This loss of heat can be expressed as BTU, or British thermal unit, loss. One BTU is measured as the amount of energy required to heat 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. You may wish to calculate your home's BTU loss per hour, per degree, to provide an estimate of how much energy you are losing through the structure of your home.
Calculating the total number of hours worked between two dates is complicated by non-working weekends. Although it is easy enough to estimate five working days per seven day period, this method is rarely accurate, and you still have to calculate the number of days between the two dates. Microsoft Excel simplifies this calculation with its "Networkdays" function, which gives you the exact number of workdays between two dates. Armed with that figures and the number of hours you work per workday, you can easily calculate the total number of hours.
An allocation base is the estimated cost of overhead for individual projects or contracted gigs. A business owner or manager uses labor hours, labor costs or machine hours to determine how much a job will cost based on the estimated project duration. While an allocation base is normally used to bid on job contracts, it can also be used to budget an annual overhead cost of a company.
The power consumed by an electric heater is measured in watts or kilowatts, with a kilowatt being equivalent to 1,000 watts. One kilowatt used for one hour is known as one kilowatt hour, usually written as 1 kWh. To calculate the kilowatt hours used by a small electric heater you must therefore know both the wattage of the heater and the length of time for which it is used.
It is important to know the total labor hours of a business, as this can be used as a benchmark for productivity. You can calculate labor hours based on a company's time clock, but you will first need to adjust the numbers so you can compute them properly. After that, its simply a matter of calculating the hours worked and adding them up.
Scrubbers remove the air's contaminants, including fumes and particulate matter. According to the industry standard as of 2000, a room's air should change six times each hour. Yet individual scrubbers may change air at different rates. You can calculate the frequency at which a scrubber changes a room's air from its total air circulation rate. The number of air scrubbers in the room also matters because large spaces often use more than one machine.
Calculating the amount of time to dig a stock tank uses the same process as calculating the time to dig a hole for a footing or fence post. The calculation for determining the cubic feet of the area to remove is straightforward and easy to determine. In order to complete the calculation, the cubic feet or inches of earth removed is necessary to complete the calculation.
When you design an enclosure for electronic equipment, for every drop of 10 degrees Celsius or 18 degrees Fahrenheit you can expect double the life expectancy before failure. The size and material of the cabinet and whether you have cooling fins for heat dissipation and heat-conductive material between heat-producing components and the outside of the cabinet are all critical factors. How crowded the cabinet is, how many objects impede airflow and whether you are using fans to cool the cabinet all help or hinder the design object of lower temperature. Heat dissipation depends on outside surface area, not cabinet volume.
Although employees fill out time sheets, the employer must make sure that hours are recorded correctly and employees are paid appropriately. This is especially important if an employee works more than 40 hours in a week, because the Fair Labor Standards Act requires the employer to provide overtime pay for the excess hours.
A variety of situations arise when you need to know how to bottle-feed a calf. Sometimes, the cow is simply not producing enough milk. In the case of twin births, the cow may only have enough milk for one calf. Infection in the cow's udder, death of the mother and a variety of other problems means that a cattle farmer needs to be prepared to hand-feed a calf if he wants it to survive.
Ampere-hours, or amp-hours, are normally used to describe the energy capacity of batteries, although they can be used to calculate the required load for any electrical scenario. To calculate amp-hours from watts, you need to use equivalent terms: either the number of watt-hours or how long something operates at a certain number of watts. Couple this with voltage, and you can easy calculate amp-hours.
You can create a spreadsheet in Google Documents, and you can perform various calculations on a spreadsheet, including how many hours separate two times. Enter a time on the spreadsheet in the format HH:MM. You can take it out to seconds if you like. By using a spreadsheet, you will reduce the likelihood of mathematical errors.
If you're a nonexempt employee, you're likely paid hourly, are eligible for overtime and your employer is supposed to pay you for all hours worked during the pay period. Provided the deduction is legitimate, your employer can deduct hours from your paycheck, such as to recover overpayment from a prior pay period. The docked hours and the associated amount generally show as a negative amount on your pay stub. If you do not have a pay stub, you can figure out the calculation yourself.
The U.S. Department of Labor's Fair Labor Standards Act requires employers to track the hours an employee works each day and each week. If the company you work for hasn't invested in technology, such as a time clock or key card system, to accomplish this for you, you may want to also keep track of your hours to ensure that your paycheck is correct. You can track this information manually or by using a computer spreadsheet program.
Calculating the annual number of hours an employee works is most commonly used for determining annual work credits for benefit calculations. Annual work hours may also be used to determine certain pay and benefits related to prevailing wage assignments, and also for annualizing the pay of employees who do not work 12 months out of the year, such as teachers and educational professionals. Calculating an employee's annual work hours may be completed in a few steps.
Overtime pay must be calculated for each hour an employee works over the standard amount of workweek hours, as provided by federal law. If your employee is paid a salary, you may not know what his hourly rate of pay is, and you must have hourly pay information to correctly calculate his overtime pay. Converting annual salary to an hourly rate to include overtime is a two-part process.
Most companies will calculate time worked in hours such as 7 a.m. to 3 p.m., but some companies pay their employee's for hours and minutes, such as 8 hours and 33 minutes. If you work for a company that calculates your time worked and pay by hours and minutes worked, you need to know how the time is calculated to arrive at your gross pay.
Business owners and leaders constantly strive to improve organizational performance. Creating incentives for executives and middle managers can increase their drive and performance by giving them greater personal stakes in organizational financial outcomes. However, while managing by motivation is better than by punishment, incentive pay has its drawbacks. Bonuses aim to move managers to take actions they might not otherwise do, which means bonuses must be considered and designed carefully to prevent -- among other things -- undesired choices and results.
A lot more goes into determining an hourly employee burden than wages. To get a real bead on what your employee may cost you per hour, you must sum all the various benefits and expenses you shall incur to have the employee on staff. This means health, training, paid time off and other expenses. If you are simply looking at benefits, you may use the industry rule of thumb: 25 percent of wage added to salary to account for fringe benefits. For a more accurate calculation, you need more detail.
Payroll mistakes are always costly to someone, especially when they concern overtime. If overtime is miscalculated, the employer may end up paying too much to the employee, causing the employer to lose money. On the other hand, if the employer pays too little, the employee has not received the overtime wages he or she is legally entitled to. Avoid making mistakes in your overtime calculations by using simple multiplication.
Man-hours are used to estimate the amount of time required to complete a job. When an employee goes on leave, the number of man-hours that you can utilize is reduced. Calculating lost man-hours shows how much productive capacity is lost, allowing you to adjust accordingly by making changes to the planned workload.
Residency work hours refer to the hours medical interns and residents work at hospitals during their medical residency. These shifts are not regulated by the federal government, however the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has outlined limits to residency shift hours. Studies showed that sleep deprivation from long residency hours resulted in medical errors. Even though these hours are not regulated by law, medical residency programs adhere to these regulations to maintain accreditation.
Keeping track of the number of hours worked by employees helps give you a window into productivity levels. When you are dealing with salaried employees, it is a good idea to get a grip on how many hours are actually spent at work. It also allows a savvy human resources professional to see if the employee is actually putting in the minimum number of required hours or taking undue advantage of, for example, medical appointment or child care leave policies.
The number of employees in a firm is not always an accurate representative of the labor at the company's disposal. To get an accurate sense of the size of the labor force, measure the number of full-time-equivalent (FTE) employees. A full-time equivalent is a unit of measurement that represents the number of full-time employees that would be needed to fill the roles of all company employees. Calculate it using the total number of employees and the number of hours they work per week.
Whether you are a contractor or working as a freelancer from home, keeping track of your work logs and hours per project is important to help track your progress and to also calculate your own pay rate. Calculating the number of hours you will need for a future project will help to budget better financially and focus on tasks for a set amount of time, keeping you organized and prepared for the work.
Employee wages are one of the top expenses of a business. An annual salary or hourly wage doesn't give the complete picture of an employee's salary. A salary, from the company's perspective, includes the base salary, bonus pay, savings contributions and other benefits. To accurately understand what the company is paying its employees, it helps to break up the salary into the various components.
Community service hours typically satisfy a young person's high school graduation requirements or a criminal offender's court-ordered penalty. Participants devote a predetermined number of hours working with a community organization, such as the United Way or a local library. Coordinators of these volunteer programs offer suggestions on ways to get service hours. As with job candidates, the person who follows the right steps has a greater chance of achieving success while performing some good deeds.
Although it may seem counterintuitive, a company's number of full-time equivalents does not simply equal the company's total number of employees. Instead, companies must perform a simple calculation, which relates to how many hours both full-time and part-time employees work, to determine the number of FTEs. After learning this handy equation, human resources personnel and other managers responsible for FTE calculations can quickly and easily determine resource allocation needs based on their company's total workforce.
For a consultant, time is money. Tracking your time is essential for billing clients and making sure you get paid for the work you've completed. Consulting hours consist of time you've worked on the project, as well as travel time. Accurately tracking hours means accurate invoices and accurate estimates for future consulting projects.
Bonuses are extra pay provided to employees above and beyond their regular salary, hourly wages, or commissions. Used correctly, bonuses can improve employee performance and loyalty. Set too low, employee bonuses become demoralizing or devalued. Employee bonuses can be calculated based on an even distribution to all employees, a reward to star performers, or be given as a percentage of each employee's salary.
According to Bordwell and Associates, paralegals must bill at three times their salary for a law firm to be profitable. This accounts for one-third salary, one-third overhead and one-third profit to the firm. To ensure that their time is accurately accounted for, the paralegal must keep accurate logs of their hours. They can do this via billing software or by keeping time sheets. Either way, if the logs do not accurately reflect the billable hours, it will cut into the firm's profits.
When an employee is paid a salary instead of an hourly wage, she gets a predetermined amount each pay period. The salary amount is normally based on an annual figure. Salaried employees may receive bonuses, commissions or other compensation in addition to a base salary. Sometimes compensation such as an annual bonus is issued as a separate payment. When additional compensation is normally a part of a salaried employee's pay, it should be included as part of the regular paycheck.
Productivity is a company's output per unit of labor input. Man-hours measure labor input. It is the number of employees multiplied by the number of hours worked. Businesses may lose productivity due to several reasons, including equipment downtime and malfunction, information technology failures and employee sick days. Lost productivity leads to higher costs and lower profits. Calculate the cost of lost productivity to understand how and where to improve operating efficiencies.
Hourly employees receive pay in accordance with their hourly pay rate and the number of hours worked during the pay period. As an employer, you likely require your hourly employees to complete a weekly time sheet or punch a time clock. If you do not use a computerized timekeeping system, you have to figure out the employee's time manually. Payroll calculations are in the form of decimals rather than fractions. Apply the right formula to convert 3/4 of an hour to ensure accurate pay.
Man hours are used by managers to measure the amount of labor involved in a particular job. Managers also estimate the anticipated man hours required to complete a job when preparing bids and estimates. Man hour calculations are most useful when hourly wages are attached to the time worked to give the manager a dollar cost for labor. Man hour problems are also frequently found on standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test, the Graduate Record Examination and the Graduate Management Admissions Test.
Flex hours is just one of a selection of flexible working patterns which offer businesses and employees an alternative to the traditional 9-to-5 working day. Also known as flexi time, schemes allow employees to balance their work and personal lives. This involves the employee varying the pattern he works his contracted hours, usually by altering his arrival or departure times on a daily basis. Exact details of flex hour schemes vary from organization to organization and fall into several different categories.
Hours per patient day is a figure used by hospitals and other medical institutions to describe the level of patient care and staff-to-patient ratio. Hospitals typically calculate hours per patient day for nurses and doctors separately. You can manually calculate this figure if you know some basic information about the number of patients and hours worked by the specific medical staff.
On flat-rate projects, the cost of labor and materials can diminish your profit margin. By predicting how many hours it will take to complete the project and how many workers to hire, you can create a more-accurate quote for the client. Whether you pay your workers on contract or by the hour, calculating the man-hour costs before hiring contract workers for a project will provide you with a better idea of how much to pay.
Heating load hours reflect the particular climate of a location. Using heating load hours you can predict what the utility costs at your location could be in the future. The National Weather Service maintains records of average heating degree-days per year for several cities per state. You can calculate heating load hours based on the number of heating degree-days. Utility companies often provide tools to budget heating costs based on heating load hours and building type.
People usually measure short amounts of time in minutes. Sixty seconds make up a minute, while 60 minutes make up an hour. You can convert minutes into a percentage of an hour using basic division. For example, 30 minutes equals 50 percent of an hour, while 10 minutes equals about 17 percent of an hour. Calculating the percentage of an hour enables you to solve speed, time or distance problems, because speed is usually expressed in miles per hour.
Freelance work is an arrangement in which a person sells his services or time to a contractor. It is not an employment relationship and the freelancer is usually permitted to work for several different companies at the same time. Freelancers are customarily paid either by piecework or by time. If the freelancer is being compensated by time, it is imperative to accurately calculate the hours worked.
Hourly employees typically receive a set compensation for every hour worked. If you are an hourly employee, you can calculate the number of hours you have worked in a pay period by dividing by the gross wages received for a pay period by the hourly rate of pay you receive.
With the growing price of electricity, monitoring your energy usage is important. Every day the amount of energy you use varies depending on the activities you have, your sleeping schedule and the settings of many of the devices you have in your home. If you want to save electricity costs in your home, you can set a schedule for a 24-hour period that allows to check your power meter on an hourly basis. These checks provide the information you need to calculate the amount of energy you use per hour, and you can convert that data to dollars per hour.…
Many states offer unemployment benefits for partial unemployment as well as traditional unemployment. A reduction of hours may qualify as a loss of work, allowing you to file a partial unemployment claim. When you file your claim, the state labor office will verify your eligibility to receive benefits and then instruct you to certify for your benefits each week. Based on the amount of money you earn each week, you'll receive a partial unemployment payment.
Calculating per hour rates can help you set a common metric for comparison. For example, if you are an employee who works on salary, you might want to calculate the hourly rate that your salary equates to. You can also find the production rates for different facilities. If two plants produce widgets, you can compare the number of widgets they produce each hour to see which one is more efficient.
There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour and 60 seconds in a minute. Using this information, it is possible to calculate the number of hours, minutes and seconds until a certain date. Calculating these figures requires a simple mathematical computation, and it can be used to count down to an eagerly anticipated date in the future, such as a wedding, birthday or retirement.
The acronym FTE stands for "full-time equivalent" and is a metric used by human-resources professionals and managers to better manage employee work hours. An FTE is the man-hour equivalent of one person working full time for one year and is particularly helpful as a tool for budgeting and resource planning. Unlike hours worked, the rate for FTE does not change unless a company's staffing needs change. Instead of looking at the number of employees working, FTE focuses on the number of hours those employees are working.
Two common ways to measure an employee's income is through an annual salary or through an hourly wage. Different jobs pay in different ways, but employees will often want to have a common wage to compare how much different jobs pay. For example, if you are interviewing an employee who would be paid an annual salary but has been offered an hourly wage job elsewhere, he might ask what the annual salary converts to as an hourly wage.
Employers pay hourly employees according to their work hours for the pay period. The employer may require hourly employees to complete weekly time sheets or punch in and out of a time clock system. If you use a manual payroll system, calculating time sheet hours and the employee's paycheck by hand can increase the risk for errors. You can cut down on mistakes if you use the Internet to figure employee time and pay.
Knowing the lost man-hours allows you to calculate the overall reduction of your work force. It can also allow you to appropriately reduce an individual paycheck, to eliminate the time lost from sickness, tardiness or other absenteeism. Although this measurement is frequently measured in hours or quarters of an hour, you can also calculate the figure in minutes for greater precision. This calculation can be performed for an individual employee or as a companywide calculation.
Dental Hygienists clean patients' teeth and provide preventive oral health care. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ranks dental hygienists as one of the fastest growing occupations in the next decade with strong job prospects across most areas of the country. Alabama is a unique place to practice as a dental hygienist because it is the only state that does not require licensees to take an American Dental Association licensing examination.
Calculating the number of man hours is the first step in determining your employee costs for a certain period. This is useful in determining project costs, so that you can quote a fair, but profitable, price for a job. Calculating man hours is also useful in determining your total employee expenditure for a given year or to find ways to improve efficiency of your business plan. When calculating man hours, you will total together all the hours each employee works.
Salaried employees receive a guaranteed amount of pay each pay period. Conversely, hourly employees are paid according to the amount of labor performed during the pay period. An hourly worker's pay may therefore fluctuate since he may not work the same hours each pay period. The majority of hourly employees are nonexempt, which means they qualify for overtime pay under the Fair Labor Standards Act. The federal and state labor department has specific regulations concerning wages for hourly employees.
If you work in a business, such as a law or accounting firm, that charges its clients by the amount of time spent on its projects, you must keep track of the amount of billable hours spend on each client. However, few projects take an exact number of hours. Therefore, many companies bill by a smaller unit of time, such as by the tenth of the hour. This makes billing more precise and prevents clients from being overcharged or undercharged.
Cumulative hours in a business or human resources context refers simply to a total sum of hours. It may refer to the total hours worked by a division of employees for which you want to plan payroll, or it could be a calculation for an individual employee to see whether the employee is eligible for a wage increase or benefit. Often, for part-time employees, the threshold for eligibility will be lowered in proportion to the percentage of full-time hours they work. (For instance, a half-time employee might need 50 percent of the cumulative hours of a full-time employee to receive…
Machine-hours worked is a measurement used in calculating the overhead for a company. Finding the actual machine-hours worked involves recording how often each machine was used in production during a specific period. Or you can calculate machine-hours worked by starting with the company's machine-hour rate and factoring in the factory overhead. The machine-hour rate is the amount of overhead they charge to each machine for every work hour.
The U.S. Department of Labor sets the federal wage and hour laws. Employers are required to adhere to the department's standards, which include paying employees accurately and on time. Paying salaried workers is a straightforward process--these employees are usually paid a set wage each pay period. An hourly employee is paid based on hours worked. His hours may fluctuate each pay period, and therefore requires careful calculation to ensure accuracy.
Productivity, a measure of how much we accomplish in a given amount of time, concerns us all, whether we are completing house chores or running a major company. The challenge of determining how many tasks can be squeezed into each hour becomes more complex as the tasks become more diverse in nature. By observing the duration of representative tasks, you can calculate the number of typical tasks that can be completed in an hour, even if the duration of each task is different. Measuring productivity is a stepping-stone to raising productivity.
Eastern Daylight Time, or EDT, is a summer time zone observed in 17 U.S. states, Canada, Panama and several countries in the Caribbean. EDT is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Nigeria -- and 13 other African countries -- observes West Africa time, or WAT. WAT is one hour ahead of UTC. You can calculate the difference between EDT and WAT with a simple formula.
Calculating man hours can help any operation once the job has finished. The man hours give you the averages of how many employees you have in your company and the amount of hours you have given to the employees, according to Engineering & Contracting, Volume 65. With the amount of hours and employees, you can calculate accurate paychecks along with taxes and insurance with-holdings. This can help you put together your company's books and list all of your employee expenses.
Hourly workers are paid based on their hours worked and their hourly rate. An hourly employee's hours and pay for each pay period might fluctuate. These employees are usually required to complete a timesheet or use a time clock system. The payroll person must calculate the hours based on what the timekeeping system indicates.
A number of industries bill by the hour. The most common is the legal industry which is notorious for its excessive use of the billable hour. However, billable hours are also widely used throughout the service sector to bill clients for services performed. Billable time must have been spent working on a specific client matter. Time spent working on general administrative tasks, such as payroll or business marketing, is not considered billable time.
Labor costs include wages paid to workers for doing a certain amount or hours of work. Often you may need to make a choice between contractors when one company explicitly quotes an hour rate while the other proposes a flat rate to complete the same amount of work. To properly compare such offers and find out the best deal, you need to calculate costs per man, per hour. As an example, calculate such costs if three men accomplished a project for a flat rate of $15,120 working seven business days, eight hours a day.
Accounting for human capital can be difficult, especially when you have to account for accounting labor. The issue is determining a basis for measurement. One commonly used framework is full-time equivalent (FTE) accounting. This methodology provides a standardized way of accounting for the number of hours an accountant is working. The methodology can be used across departments from procurement to accounting as long as employees are tracked on an hourly basis.
Time is one of the most standard units of measurement used across the world. The entire world speaks the language of time, and depending on where you live, you may be in a different time "zone." You might also have the need, either through travel or work, to determine the number of days and hours between two dates. You may also need to calculate the amount of time between today and different events in history or simply to find how many days and hours you've been in the world.
There are many units that people use to measure time. A year is the amount of time it takes for the Earth to complete one full orbit around the sun. Each year is broken into 365 days. Each day is broken down into 24 hours. Each hour is broken down into 60 minutes and each minute is broken down into 60 seconds. Calculating the number of hours that take place over a period of days can be accomplished with simple math on a calculator or by hand.
Generally, a calendar year has 2,080 work hours if the calculation is based on a standard 40-hour workweek. If you work less than 40 regular hours every week, there are several ways to figure out how many hours you've worked in any given year. When figuring your work hours for the year, it is important to keep the pay frequency and the number of hours worked for each pay period in mind.
Payroll processing often includes figuring employees' weekly hours. Generally, hourly employees have to complete a time sheet or punch a time card, which states their hours worked each day. The employee, his supervisor, and/or the payroll department are responsible for calculating the total hours worked for the week. Once you have applied the process a few times, calculating weekly hours is relatively easy.
Employers with hourly employees often require them to complete a weekly timesheet. The timesheet helps the employer to determine the employee's hours worked and how much he should be paid. It is important to know how to figure the total hours to pay the employee from the timesheet so his pay is accurate.
FTE (full-time equivalent) is a figure used to represent the number of full-time employees for a workplace.The number does not reflect actual people, but rather a simplified count of the hours worked for both part-time employees and full-time employees. To calculate the FTE for your business, you will need to know how to convert hours worked into full-time equivalent units.
Rag quilts are known for their unusual fabrics. Instead of traditional cotton, rag quilts might contain denim, flannel or even velvet. When selling a rag quilt, the uniqueness of the fabric, and therefore of the quilt itself, can be used as a selling point. There are also many uses for rag quilts, which means that there are many selling points for them as well. As Quilting101.com points out, "These quilts can be great for picnics, in the car, while snuggling up in front of TV, over the back of a chair or as a throw over the bottom of the…
When you are calculating the number of hours worked to determine how much you owe your employees on their paycheck, you must make sure you are paying them at the proper rate. Any hours over 40 worked each week must be paid at 1.5 times the standard rate. Many companies also offer similar bonuses for employees who have to work on holidays. Finally, make sure you include any paid vacation or sick days in the work hours for the payroll.
Measuring the number of hours worked in terms of full-time equivalents--or FTEs--is a way to compare and benchmark the total hours worked by a workforce. The metric provides a standard way of measuring a company's workforce across industries. For instance, a company could have 500 people on staff, but only 400 FTEs if some of the workers are part-time employees. Comparing just the number of employees, rather than looking at FTEs, may give the wrong impression and lead to poor decision-making.
Employers and workers alike need to know how to figure work hours and overtime. Strictly speaking, you don't calculate these figures; they are listed on a time sheet or time card, and all you do is add them up. The important part is using this information to calculate wages. That can be a little tricky in some cases, since federal law requires that all overtime be paid at 1-1/2 times the regular hourly wage. It's actually not a hard calculation once you know the procedure.
People need sleep to survive. Studies done by the U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) report that rats deprived of sleep lived only three to five weeks, compared to the normal rodent life expectancy of two to three years. A group of occupations require employees to stay awake for long periods -- some up to 72 hours. Accomplishing sleeplessness for this long requires determination and a few carefully planned activities.
