AP Classes

Historical accounts of levitation are recorded in paranormal studies, though few if any have been confirmed as actual happenings. Interestingly enough, scientists in the field of quantum physics...

A heat pump heats or cools a building by conveying heat from or to the outdoors. Heat pumps are widely used for heating in moderate climates.

Water is a simple molecule with profound physical and chemical properties. One property, its ability to split into two ions (ionization), provides us with a method to determine the acidity or...

Fluids are everywhere. Did you know that gases, in addition to liquids, are considered fluids? Knowing how to calculate the pressure at a depth within a fluid is an important skill to have in...

Scientific notation is all over the place in... well, science. The reason it's very useful is because it's a compact way to write very big or very small numbers. Up until the late 1700's, people...

The digestive system functions to process food completely, so that the body can easily absorb the nutrients we need to live and grow. The organs involved work together in perfect harmony, which...

A titration lab is performed to determine the pH of a solution by finding the endpoint of a reaction. To perform a titration lab, you will need a burette, beaker, litmus paper, indicator solution,...

The Battle of the Alamo (1836) in San Antonio, Texas, is celebrated as a battle between a small band of Texas defenders against a large, invading Mexican army. The weapons used were as varied as...

Prior to taking calculus, students must contend with equations. Once they reach that higher level of math, however, they learn a new mathematical construct. A function associates one and only one...

Knowing the overall behavior of a graph can be important, especially in higher math when you need to know limits and larger trends. Determining if a function is even or odd in overall behavior is...

First of all, definitions. The domain of a function is all of the values that 'x' can take. When I say 'can take', I mean the values that when plugged into the function will make mathematical...

Quality learning is important in schools and in education today. School districts are often cutting back on the amount of time each subject has or on the amount of days per school year. At the...

The human body is a wondrous creation, a machine with nearly perfect efficiency. More than a dozen systems of organs and tissues work together to give us life.

The testes are the primary sexual organs of the male body. Each produces millions of sperm and large amounts of hormones throughout a male's lifetime.

Buffers are simple systems of molecules that have profound implications in living cells and test tubes. Without them, cells would not survive and biochemical research would be flawed.

Advabced Placement (AP) World History is a great way to expand your knowledge on other countries' histories. Though many people think specifically of European history outside of American history,...

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) may be best known for the story of "discovering gravity" when an apple fell on his head. He also outlined the three laws for motion that are necessary to the study of...

Biophysics are the study of organisms on the planet, and how they interact with other living things and ecosystems. Biophysics focus on everything from the molecular level to the fully developed...

Acids and bases play a critical role in the fields of biology, chemistry, biochemistry and physiology. To understand the intricate details of these areas of study, you must first understand acids...

Coenzyme A (or CoA) is an essential assistant to several critical enzymatic processes in the human body. It is usually found linked to carbon chains destined for further processing, and in this...

Teachers handle conflicts on a daily basis. They handle conflict in the classroom between students, and between themselves and students, administrators, and parents. They use different strategies...

Selecting a sample from a population takes many factors into account, including cost, confidence level, and sampling method. In simple random sampling without replacement, defining the smallest...

Growing a bacterial culture in a petri dish is not difficult and can be done in the classroom and at home if you follow the proper steps and guidelines. Bacteria are living things that require...

Photosynthesis is used by plants and algae to produce chemical energy in the form of sugar. Red and blue light are absorbed and only the green light is reflected, which is why most plants appear...

Certain species of plants are in danger of becoming extinct due to loss of habitat, residential expansion and pollution. Some of the world's most endangered plant species are protected by national...

Tissue culture is the process by which individual cells are grown in a laboratory setting, apart from the organism they originated from. Tissue culture is used to propagate cell lines and maintain...

A child's preschool experience is his or her introduction to the world of education. As a preschool teacher, it is your responsibility to provide kids with a safe, fun environment where they can...

The molecules used by the body for nutrition and cellular processes are proteins, carbohydrates, water, vitamins, minerals and lipids. Of these, only protein, carbohydrates and lipids provide...

A battery is a transportable energy source. The earliest battery was a wet cell, and technological advances created the portable dry cell battery. Both battery types have the same three basic...

Nucleic acids are some of the most significant molecules found in living organisms. Their role is to store and transmit genetic information to build proteins, allowing organisms to function as...

There are many study tips that can help students to succeed. Strategies for in-class work and participation, for completing home assignments and for studying can assist students in achieving...

Taking an anatomy and physiology class in high school can be a rewarding experience and does not have to be stressful. You can get the most out of this class by understanding why you are taking...

To understand the nature of diffused light, we must first answer the question, "What is light?" Physicists define light as electromagnetic radiation. Traditional theory holds that light is a wave....

A circuit breaker is a tool that cuts off an electrical circuit when the system is operating normally or when special conditions are occurring. The various types of circuit breakers are vacuum,...

World War II pitted the Axis countries led by Germany, Italy and Japan against the Allies, led by Great Britain, France and eventually the Soviet Union and the United States. The war raged from...

Cyanobacteria are bacteria that live in aquatic environments. Unicellular organisms, they are photosynthetic and capable of manufacturing their own food. Fossils of cyanobacteria are among the...

Advance Placement, or AP, World History, is a high school class in which students study the history of different cultures around the world. The course is considered to be quite difficult because...

Limit problems in calculus or precalculus lay the foundation for derivatives, the basis of differential calculus. Before understanding limits, however, you must have a firm grasp of the concepts...

Assistive technology (AT) refers to any tool or item that enhances the learning, mobility, or communication skills of the disabled. Assistive technology for learning disabilities looks different...

Citric acid is a weak organic acid. It is used to add sour taste in the food industry and as a preservative. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry. Citric acid is an important metabolic...

The water clock is one of the oldest methods of telling time. It is not known who invented the first water clock, but the device dates back into the far reaches of history. Variations on the water...

Thermoplastics are polymers that become liquid when heated and return to the solid state when cooled. This cycle of melting and freezing can be repeated, so that the plastic can be reshaped by...

Cells are the basic unit of life. Cell theory states that all living organisms are composed of cells, that cells are the tiniest unit of life, and that all cells must come from other cells.

Many statistic professors will ask you to calculate standard deviation by hand to make sure that you understand the concept. Although the formula looks complicated, calculating standard deviations...

Correctly citing references in an essay, paper or presentation is crucial for academic honesty and success. Professors and teachers routinely take off points for incorrect citations or for having...

Most of the Earth's surface is covered by a thin veneer of sediment, which preserves the vestiges of past life. Under special geologic conditions, with minimal decomposition and rapid burial, the...

The U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes 12 types of soil worldwide. Soil taxonomy (systematic grouping) is classified by the characteristics of each soil's diagnostic horizon, a layer...

There are many free intermediate algebra tutorials available online. The best tutorial for you will be determined by whether you are in high school or college, the text you are using and the topic...

Teachers and researchers, as well as parents, know that most students prefer academic involvements that combine work and play. Educational scholar John Dewey claimed that "experience is the most...

Benzoic acid is a solid, white crystalline substance that is chemically classified as an aromatic carboxylic acid. Its molecular formula may be written as C7H6O2. Its chemical properties are based...