Science

Over the past century the marine environment has experienced significant changes in sea levels, water temperature, salinity, and pH levels. The observed decrease in pH levels is impacting...

The abbreviation pH represents a logarithmic scale that refers to the solution acidity. Neutral media has pH 7. Acidic solutions are signified with pH below 7, while basic solutions have pH above...

Calcium, symbol Ca, is a soft metal whose atomic number is 20 on the periodic table. It is an "alkaline earth" metal with a valence of +2. This means it loses two electrons when forming...

Acidity arises as a result of the presence of positively charged hydrogen ions, denoted as H+. Acidity is traditionally expressed using the pH scale. On this scale, a neutral solution such as...

You calculate hydrogen ions in order to find out the pH--the acidity and alkalinity--of a solution. An alkaline solution is what is more colloquially known as a base. Bases are usually bitter to...

In aqueous (water) solutions the acidity is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions, denoted as H+. Since the H+ concentration can be low such as 0.000032 mole/L, it is more convenient to...

A hydrogen ion concentration in a solution results from the addition of an acid. Strong acids give a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than weak acids, and it is possible to calculate the...

The pH scale is in the range from 0 to 14 and determines how basic or acidic a solution is. The neutral media has pH 7. Values below 7 correspond to acidic solutions. The majority of fruits...

In chemistry, acid-base titration is the combination of an acid solution with a base solution until one fully neutralizes the other. The one that is fully neutralized is of unknown concentration....

Rainwater is naturally acidic due to the presence of carbon dioxide, nitric oxide and sulfur dioxide found in the Earth's troposphere. Human activities such as fossil fuel burning for industrial...

The equation for pH indicates the acidity or alkalinity of water and other substances by measuring the hydrogen ion concentration. Distilled water theoretically has a pH of 7, or neutral, in a...

The pH of river water is a measure of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions---which translates to how acidic or basic the water is. Greater concentrations of free hydrogen ions result in higher acidity...

When soil and water meet, their acidity levels interact and combine to influence both. Ultimately, the water drains away and the soil assumes a slightly different acidic content. The acidity of...

Buffers are solutions that resist change in pH. They are important in chemical and biological systems. The capacity of a buffer, B, is defined as the ability of buffer to resist pH change when...

The pH scale is in the range from 0 to 14 and determines how basic or acidic a solution is. The neutral media has pH 7. pH values below 7 correspond to acidic solutions, while a pH greater than 7...

Active, or activated, carbon water filters are used to remove contaminants from water. In most cases, this filtration is done on water intended for drinking or cooking purposes, though it may be...

Calcium hydroxide is a white powder with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. Calcium hydroxide is also known as slaked or hydrated lime. Calcium hydroxide is used in metallurgy, in glass and paper...

The pH scale reflects how basic or acidic a water solution is. Neutral media such as distilled water has pH 7. The pH values below 7 correspond to acidic solutions, while a pH greater than 7 is...

In chemistry, titrations are used to determine the concentration of a solution. Enough titrant (a solution of known concentration) is added to the titer (a solution of unknown concentration) so...

In chemistry, acid-base titration is used to determine the concentration of a solution. The process of titrating utilizes a solution of unknown concentration, which is either an acid or a base. ...

In chemistry, titration is used to determine the concentration of a solution. Examples of when this is useful are to determine the salinity or pH of seawater, the concentration of tartaric acid...

Water is essential for plant growth. Without water, plants cannot grow at all, and with less than the optimal amount of water, plants become wilted and stressed. When available water returns to a...

An acid (for example, hydrochloric acid, HCl) is a substance that releases or donates the hydrogen ion (H+), while a base (for example, sodium hydroxide, NaOH) is a hydrogen ion acceptor. The pH...

The pH scale is in the range from 0 to 14 and determines how basic or acidic a solution is. The neutral media has pH 7. pH values below 7 correspond to acidic solutions, while a pH greater than 7...

Sodium bicarbonate, with the chemical formula NaHCO3, is the white powder widely known as baking soda. A similar compound is sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), used as a cleaning agent or an additive...

A pH meter utilizes voltage to measure the acidity or alkalinity of chemical substances. Most pH meters operate in a straightforward manner, with a digital screen that displays the pH value. Some...

Acids and bases, or alkali, are substances that create ionic activity when dissolved as a solution in water. They differ in chemical properties, how they react with other substances, as well as in...

Ammonia is a gas with the chemical formula NH3, and is typically available as a water solution. Interaction of ammonia with water is accompanied by the release of the hydroxyl anions (OH-): NH3 +...

Acids and bases have mirror properties. They are highly reactive with each other and both conduct electricity. But acids are commonly viewed as more corrosive. For example, the stomach uses...

There are many substances that chemically qualify as acids or bases. Some are more exotic compounds typically found in a chemistry laboratory while others are common household substances. Strong...

Perhaps you've heard of alkaline water, but wasn't sure what it was. Alkaline is the opposite of acidic, chemically speaking. Understanding what this means requires an understanding of some basic...

Acids and bases have some superficial differences, such as a difference in taste (acids are bitter and bases are sour). They also react with different classes of chemicals. However, they also...

Japanese and Korean consumers spend a lot of money on ionized alkaline water. The book Alkalize or Die contributed to the idea that alkaline water has many health benefits. Multi-level marketing...

Chemical buffers prevent sudden changes in a solution's acidity. Buffer solutions keep a certain pH level nearly constant during the course of biological reactions and are crucial for many...

Alkaline water is simply water that has been ionized to contain a higher pH then tap water. The claim that alkaline water provides numerous health benefits is highly refuted by the opposing...

The pH level of a liquid indicates how acidic or base the liquid is. By dipping the pH paper in liquid and observing the color that paper turns, you can infer the level of acidity or baseness of...

Microorganisms are similar to more complex organisms in that they need a variety of materials from their environment to function and accomplish two primary goals--supply enough energy to manage...

Phenolphthalein is a chemical compound composed of 20 carbon molecules, 14 hydrogen molecules and 4 oxygen molecules. It is mildly acidic and is primarily used as a pH indicator. It is also...

Chemical buffers prevent sudden changes in the solution acidity expresses using a pH scale. Buffer systems can maintain a certain pH nearly constant during the course of biological reactions and...

A buffer solution is an aqueous solution that will change very little if a small amount of acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used to keep pH nearly constant in a wide variety of...

Concentration of hydrogen ions H+ expressed as pH determines acidity of a solution. pH influences the course of chemical reactions and biological process. The majority of such processes occur in...

The concentration of hydrogen ions, H+, determines the solution's acidity. This concentration is expressed as pH, that is, -log10([H+]). For example, if the concentration of H+ ions in the...

A level of the solution acidity is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions H+. For convenience, this concentration is expressed as pH with a formula that states: pH=-log10([H+]). For...

A pH (potential hydrogen) test measures the acidity or alkalinity of a chemical solution. A neutral solution has a pH value of 7. Alkaline solutions have pH values above 7, and acidic solutions...

"Ionized water" is a recently coined phrase used for the commercial selling of "water ionizers." Within this market, it can be synonymous with alkaline water. However, "ionized water" is a term...

The pH of hair products is an important characteristic that manufacturers carefully monitor. The pH of a substance is a measure of how acidic or alkaline it is. Sebum, which is the hair's natural...

In chemistry, a buffer solution is a mixture of a acidic or alkaline chemical with water and the chemical's salt. If the chemical is an acid, the salt will be its conjugate base; if the chemical...

A pH meter is used to measure the pH (acidity or alkalinity) of an aqueous solution. A pH meter consists of a probe and a voltmeter. The most common commercially available pH probes consist of a...

The pH of a solution defines its acidity or basicity. Often in chemistry, the pH needs to remain constant or at least fairly constant in order for an experiment to work properly. To do this, a...

Litmus paper is used to test the pH of a solution that is water soluble. The litmus test is used to determine the amount of base or acid that is present in a solution. Litmus is the oldest test of...