Science

Frequency is used to describe oscillatory motion. It describes the time it takes for a motion to repeat itself. It is measured in hertz, which is one oscillation per second. The frequency of the...

Frequency describes the time it takes for the motion of an object to repeat itself. Its units are in hertz, which is defined as one oscillation per second. A radian is a unit used to indicate the...

Frequency is a way to describe oscillatory motion, such as that by a particle or wave. It describes the time it takes for a motion to repeat itself. It is measured in hertz, which is one...

Creating a science research project introduction will help you to communicate your scientific ideas to a larger community. Even if you plan to verbally introduce your project at a fair, to a boss,...

Building simple circuits on a breadboard is a time-honored way to learn electronics. Breadboard, also called protoboard, is a sturdy plastic panel perforated with rows of holes. On some parts of...

A science fair project based on something as everyday as a boat may not be as flashy or messy as other fair project ideas, but the scientific concepts related to buoyancy make for an interesting...

Leyden jars are containers meant to hold and store electrical energy. In the 18th century, scientists called them condensers because electricity was believed to be a fluid, tangible substance....

Potassium hydroxide is a strong base made from the alkali metal potassium, atomic number 19 on the periodic table. It is a useful starting material in the manufacture of most potassium salts. ...

A digital ohm meter is part of a digital multimeter, and can only be read after being properly adjusted and connected. The display may have three or more digits, with a decimal point that will...

Potassium chloride, a table salt substitute, has the simple chemical formula KCl. It consists of one potassium atom combined with one chlorine atom. It might seem easy to react potassium and...

Ionic silver is silver as an ion. The most common type of ionic silver is silver nitrate. Silver nitrate can be easily produced from pure silver and nitric acid. Ionic silver has been hyped as a...

Batteries come in many different types. The most popular one is that of a dry cell. Dry cells are found in various devices such as toys, cameras, radios, and desktop computers. A multimeter is a...

Pressure is defined as the force with which the liquid contained in a tank presses on a unit area of the wall. The air pressure on the outside of the tank presses inward on the sidewall. Inside...

The pulse energy of a laser is total energy contained in a single laser pulse.

NAND gates are a common logic element used in many electronic circuits. The most common configuration is a two-input NAND gate, although configurations with more inputs are common. A NAND gate can...

Potassium Chlorate is a white, crystalline substance with molecular formula KClO3. It is commonly used as an oxidizing agent. It can also be used as a disinfectant, and is an ingredient in safety...

Melting point analysis provides easy identification of solid substances, such as benzoic acid, in the lab. Using a melting point device such as a Mel-Temp, students can observe the sharp melting...

Heat can be created from magnets by putting magnetic material into a high-frequency oscillating magnetic field that makes the magnet's polarity switch back and forth at a high-enough rate to...

A column of water functions to provide pressure in multiple structures. In water towers, the column forces water out of your tap. In a water cooler, it does the same. In a water-based barometer,...

Before an object begins moving, it has an amount of potential energy. Once that objects begins to gain motion, that potential energy converts into kinetic energy. Calculating this equation doesn't...

Neodymium and other rare earth metals make the strongest permanent magnets. Smaller neodymium magnets are powerful enough, but the larger ones need careful handling. Keep your magnet well away...

You can quickly calculate the electrical usage of the motors in your house. Whether the motor is in a refrigerator or a freezer, or in your garage turning the pulley and belt to run a compressor,...

Weather maps (or charts) give you a picture of the weather over a geographical area at a single point in time. Creating a weather map gives you the data to forecast the weather as a whole or a...

An inexpensive green laser pointer is limited in its intensity, so the distance that the laser light can project is less than that of an expensive laser pointer. Modifying an inexpensive green...

Fluid statics is the most basic form of fluid analysis, and manometry is one method of static fluid analysis. A manometer is a device that measures static fluid pressure. The three primary...

A toy called a "Newton's scooter" is propelled by the principle behind Newton's third law of motion. The principle is that, for each action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means...

Rotating garden sprinklers are excellent demonstrations of Newton's third law of motion, the law of interaction. The law states that, for each action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. To...

Viewing specimens through a microscope will allow you to see things you never could with the naked eye. Before you can actually use a microscope, though, you must learn to set up and mount...

A cistern is a type of storage container that typically collects rainwater or runoff. They are made out of a variety of materials including plastic, wood or cement depending upon local resources...

The green light of a Wicked Laser is much more powerful than other available commercial pointers. It is totally legal and provides a beam that the eye perceives as 50 times brighter than a red...

Paper airplanes are fun. Challenging gravity by folding a piece of paper can give anyone a feeling satisfaction--nearly as much as the Wright Brothers when they flew the first powered flight in...

Torque wrench accuracy is of vital importance to the proper workings of your tool and anything that may be fixed or adjusted by it. Using an improperly calibrated wrench may cause overtightening,...

Michael Faraday was the first to notice, in the 19th century, that a magnet creates electricity in a closed electric circuit that cuts through its magnetic field lines. Faraday noticed this by...

Glow sticks may seem like simple toys, plastic tubes of neon light at a concert or other nighttime event, but there is real science behind that glow. Glow sticks get their bright colors and light...

Magnetism and electricity are two closely related phenomena, and in fact each can be used to cause the other. There is a growing movement of people building personal magnetic generators to cut...

Hydrolysis is the electrical process of separating hydrogen and oxygen gas from liquid water. By this electrochemical reaction, oxygen and hydrogen gases can be created for use as fuels....

Quadratics are polynomials of the second degree, i.e., a sum of terms in which at least one term is a multiple of two variables but no terms go higher than this. For example, x^2+3 and xy+3y are...

Electrical components are used in circuits, and their role is to manipulate and control current by performing functions such as storing, switching, blocking and amplifying. There are some that...

Combining chemicals and producing something else can be fascinating and fun. Some experiments have a more dramatic result than mixing ammonia and sulphuric acid, but with a little time, you can...

A square D transformer uses a squared loop or ring of magnetizable material as the medium through which electrical energy is transferred from one electrical circuit to another. The square D is...

Oftentimes, boat owners may need to add a second battery to operate all of the extra electronic equipment added to a boat. To run your boat with two batteries, you need to connect the second one...

Twin batteries need to be connected in parallel in a boat, meaning the positive terminal from the first battery has to go to the positive of the second, and the negative to the negative. This will...

Strain gauges are resistance-based sensors that are used to measure deformation in a part subjected to a load. The deformation can be used to calculate load and stress in the test specimen. Strain...

When your running lights go out and you're trying to find the cause, remember that all troubleshooting follows the same steps: Verify that there is a real problem; find out what's happening and...

Mechanical advantage is the ratio of output force of a machine to the input force. If the output force is greater, the mechanical advantage measures the reduction in force required to do work....

During these challenging economic times the need to conserve electricity is more important than ever. Knowing how much money various appliances cost to operate can be a big help in reducing...

Back emf (electromotive force) is the emf exerted by a magnetic field created by the initial emf. For example, if an emf induces a current through a coil that produces a magnetic field, by Lenz's...

The light emitted by glow sticks results from a chemical reaction that's cause when hydrogen peroxide is mixed with luminol, a chemical used by crime scene detectives to reveal blood stains and...

Are you like most people when it comes to dreaming? Most people do not remember their dreams. If you would like to start remembering your dreams for whatever reason, you must train your mind to...

Many real-world chemistry problems involve determining the amount of one substance in a chemical equation given the amount of another. To do this, you need to convert from molecular formulas to...