Science

A hydrogen ion concentration in a solution results from the addition of an acid. Strong acids give a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than weak acids, and it is possible to calculate the...

This step be step instructional article will give you the detailed instructions for converting farenheit into Celsius degrees on a basic temperature thermometer.

Energy, usually generated in the form of electricity, can be drawn from a number of sources. These include different types of finite natural resources drawn from the earth, as well as renewable,...

Mechanical advantage is the ratio of output force of a machine to the input force. If the output force is greater, the mechanical advantage measures the reduction in force required to do work....

Back emf (electromotive force) is the emf exerted by a magnetic field created by the initial emf. For example, if an emf induces a current through a coil that produces a magnetic field, by Lenz's...

Discovered by Irish chemist Robert Boyle, Boyle's Gas Law describes the relationship between pressure and volume of gas at a consistent temperature.

Constructing a DNA double helix model is a fun and interesting project, and a visual method to help students understand a very complex structure. It can serve as a traditional science or class...

Making an electromagnet is a quick and simple way to learn about electricity and magnetism and how they interact. All you need are just a few items that are probably lying around your house...

Rf value stands for retention factor. Retention factor is a chemical measurement that is the distance traveled by a compound divided by the distance traveled by a solvent.

In order to understand how air particles move, it is first necessary to understand what air is made of and how it acts. While the exact composition of air differs at any given place and time, the...

Students should be reasonably fluent in the lighter elements of the periodic table, so some memorization should be taught. Mnemonics are available to help. However, most of the emphasis should...

Ernest Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911, and discovered protons, the charged particles therein, in 1919. (The neutral particles in the nucleus, neutrons, were discovered many...

The circulatory system is an interconnected, blood and waste distribution system that connects to every part of the body. The system includes the heart and all of the arteries, veins, capillaries...

Nuclear energy is technology designed to extract usable energy from atomic nuclei through the process of controlled nuclear reactions. The only method being used today produces power through the...

Rhenium, discovered in Germany in 1925, is a transitional metal, and one of the rarest naturally occurring elements in the world. It is a very dense metal, with a higher melting point than every...

Bacteria are some of the tiniest forms of life. Inhabiting every part of earth, including the hottest, most obscure areas, bacteria has survived longer than any complex life form on earth. Though...

This science experiment is among my children's favorites. In this experiment we will attempt to blow up a balloon by mixing vinegar and baking soda. The chemical reaction will produce carbon...

When I was a kid we used to go to a cabin in the summer, with no washer and no dryer. Laundry was hand-washed and hung on the line to dry, and my mother was always happy when there was a stiff...

A lemon clock is more of a lemon battery and a clock. It is a clock that is powered by a lemon. For those that are looking for a green alternative for small household clocks, this project might...

The common pennies corrode because they are surrounded by a light layer of copper with a zinc core. Copper oxidizes and produces a green layer that can eventually wear away, sometimes leaving the...

All around the world, people who do not have ready access to fuel use solar ovens for cooking. All kinds of people use solar ovens, from the most impoverished to environmentally conscious...

"Ionized water" is a recently coined phrase used for the commercial selling of "water ionizers." Within this market, it can be synonymous with alkaline water. However, "ionized water" is a term...

To remove oxygen (O2) from water (H2O), you must break the covalent bond between the hydrogen atom and the oxygen molecule and the hydrogen bond between molecules of water. If sufficient heat is...

Physics aims to explain, describe and predict natural phenomena. It's a successful science because people have created models to make problem-solving manageable. Geometry aids modeling because it...

High school and college students encounter matrix algebra in math, economics and the sciences. While elementary matrix operations are simple, there may be many; working through them carefully, one...

The Galilean thermometer was invented by Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). It operates on the principle that matter becomes more dense as it cools and less dense as it heats up. Specifically, liquids...

Some home weather stations have an aneroid barometer. An aneroid barometer is an essential tool used for forecasting the weather. Without an accurate calibration, the aneroid barometer will...

Remember all the codes in the Da Vinci code? From ancient times, man has desired to send encrypted or secret messages. With a little household product, you too can create a mysterious message. ...

For many people coca-cola is just a great soft drink. Did you know there are many different uses for coca-cola? The acid in the famous soft drink is so strong there are a number of household...

By definition, capacitor plates are made of conducting materials. This usually means metals, though other materials are also used. In addition to being conducting, capacitor plates need mechanical...

Your Dictionary.com defines conventional as "not unusual or extreme; ordinary." This fits well with conventional energy sources in terms of being not unusual, however, the impact on society by...

People working with hazardous chemicals use a fume hood. A fume hood is a partially enclosed workspace where lower pressure inside keeps fumes away from people. An exhaust fan and filter safely...

Converting KVA (Kilo Volt Ampere) to a 3-phase KW (kilowatt) reading when kilo is equal to 1000 can be performed by executing a formula. This formula can be applied for home emergency generator...

Taking advantage of warmth from the sun without the addition of fans, pumps or other types of motors passive solar heating requires no moving parts. It is also free, once the method for taking...

At the beginning of the 20th century, experiments showed that atoms were made of smaller parts: electrons, protons, and neutrons. Since then, an ever-expanding zoo of sub-atomic particles has been...

A staple of the serious technician's workbench, LCR meters are available in several forms. Their specialty is measuring electrical inductance (L), capacitance (C) and resistance (R). Basic LCR...

Windmill turbines can produce environmentally friendly energy, although they do not work everywhere. It is possible to build a windmill generator that produces a small amount of electrical current...

Microscopes deserve our respect and tender loving care for two reasons. They're amazing scientific instruments that let us observe the tiniest objects, and they're darned expensive. The TLC should...

Parents and teachers can demonstrate to children that when certain chemicals are combined they can produce a reaction. One of these reactions causes the liquid to begin to glow in the dark....

Invented at the dawn of radio, electrolytic capacitors show up in power supply and audio circuits. They're inexpensive and well-suited for low-frequency, medium-power applications.

Learning about acids and bases is a fun project for kids to do at home or at school. Chemistry becomes magic when kids can make a piece of paper change color, and with inexpensive homemade pH...

Since you can't see or hear radioactivity, you must use a tool like a Geiger counter to detect it. A Geiger counter is a handheld device that detects many forms of radiation.

An electric circuit works by using conductors to carry a current from one place to another after a power supply gives energy to the current. Discover the difference between conductors and...

Building a trebuchet requires a wooden base, sides, masking tape, washers to use as weights, a glue gun, stapler and a push pin to create a table-top throwing arm. Assemble a miniature trebuchet...

Making a cloud in a bottle requires moistening the inside of a juice bottle with water, inserting a bit of smoke into the bottle using a freshly blown out match and pumping in air with a bicycle...

Diet Coke and Mentos can create a bomb or soda fountain when mixed, as the sugar in the candy reduces the energy necessary to form bubbles, which creates a fizzy reaction. Construct a diet soda...

Whether in the news or in everyday conversations about health, we hear a lot about many proteins and other molecules in our body, for instance, DNA, collagen, and hemoglobin to name a few. But...

The hovercraft is quite possibly one of the coolest methods of travel ever invented. Modern day hovercraft have the ability to travel over any smooth surface, such as land, ice, or water by using...

Styrofoam is the commonly known brand name for a type of molded plastic foam called polystyrene. Many types of items are made from Styrofoam, including plates, cups and packing materials....

Engineers and scientists working with sound, radio and other phenomena use spectrum analyzers to find the energy makeup of a signal. A spectrum analyzer is an electronic device that breaks a...