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Sea lice can be found in warm water around the United States and various other areas. According to the Safe Sea website, they are the most common stinging threat to both swimmers and divers at beaches in affected areas. When you experience sea lice stings, you'll develop some various obvious symptoms. Once you recognize them, they are... more »
Ouch! Hornet stings can really hurt! If you or someone you know gets stung by a hornet, treating the site of the sting immediately is crucial to alleviate pain. Luckily, treating a hornet sting is not difficult to do. more »
Sand fleas, or sand flies, are scientifically known as Ceratopogonidaes, but are also often called no-see-ums or biting midges. Ceratopogonidaes are found in almost every area with lakes, oceans or ponds. However, the species that causes the most trouble, the hematophagic species, is usually found at the beach. Hematophagic... more »
The sting of a wasp or hornet is considered venomous. Quick removal of the stinger and proper follow-up care will help reduce pain and minimize swelling of the site. more »
Yellow jackets are actually from the wasp family, not the bee family. They are yellow and black and skinnier than bees. Yellow jackets are also not capable of carrying pollen, so they don't make any honey. As far as the food chain goes, the yellow jacket is responsible for eating other pesky insects. There are two types of yellow... more »
Having a rash or runny nose because of allergies can be a major annoyance. Allergies are...
Allergies are simply the body's reaction to certain foreign substances. Dust, mold...
Antihistamines block the histamine receptors, thus stopping the body from producing more histamine. Histamine is produced as a reaction to some... more »
Allergies such as rashes, sneezing, runny nose and other forms of allergic reactions are caused by the actions of histamines in the body.... more »
There are currently many different types of allergy medications on the market. Some can be bought over the counter, and others require a... more »
Stuffy noses, itchy throats and watery eyes are all common manifestations for people who have allergies to pets. Pet hair and skin cells, also... more »
Jellyfish are ocean creatures that have the ability to sting its prey with poison from the barbs in its tentacles. When people are swimming in the... more »
A histamine antagonist is an agent that serves to inhibit the release or action of histamine. Antihistamine can be used to describe any histamine antagonist, but it is usually reserved for the classical antihistamines that act upon the H1 histamine receptor.
Antihistamines are used as treatment for allergies. Allergies are caused by an excessive response of the body to allergens, such as the pollen released by grasses and trees. An allergic reaction indicates an excessive release, by the body, of histamines. Other uses of antihistamines are to help with normal symptoms of insect stings even if there is no allergic reaction.
Clinical: H1- and H2-receptor antagonists
H1-receptor antagonists
In common use, the term sekhistamine refers only to H1 antagonists, also known as H1 antihistamines. It has been discovered that these H1-antihistamines are actually inverse agonists at the histamine H1-receptor, rather than antagonists per se. Clinically, H1 antagonists are used to treat allergic reactions.
Examples:
*Diphenhydramine
*Loratadine
*Desloratadine
*Meclizine
*Quetiapine (this is a side-effect of a drug usually used as an antipsychotic)
*Fexofenadine
*Pheniramine
*Cetirizine
*Promethazine
*Chlorpheniramine
*Levocetirizine
H2-receptor antagonists
H2 antagonists, like H1 antagonists, are also inverse agonists and not true antagonists. H2 histamine receptors are found principally in the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa. H2 antagonists are used to reduce the secretion of gastric acid, treating gastrointestinal conditions including peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Examples:
*Cimetidine
*Famotidine
*Ranitidine
*Nizatidine
*Roxatidine
*Lafutidine
Experimental: H3- and H4-receptor antagonists
These are experimental agents and do not yet have a defined clinical use, although a number of drugs are currently in human trials. H3-antagonists have read more at » http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine+antagonist
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