Spasmatic Colic

Spasmodic colic is the most common type of colic in horses.

Colic is a general term for abdominal cramps and pains in horses. Colic is the leading cause of death in horses. Spasmodic colic is the most common type of colic in horses and it is one of the mildest. As a result, it is one of the easiest types of colic to treat. The primary causes of spasmodic colic are over-excitement and changes in routine. This differs from other types of colic that may be caused by gas build-up, sand impaction, or another impaction in the intestine.

Causes

Spasmodic colic can be the result of sudden feed changes, irregular feeding, lack of water, excess grain in the diet, and overall poor barn management. If a horse is over-worked or becomes over-excited, it can also suffer from spasmodic colic, especially when its over-excitement is combined with poor eating habits. Horses should be fed on a steady routine, have access to plenty of water, and have limited access to grain and grass.

Symptoms

Symptoms of spasmodic colic can be rather mild and therefore difficult to detect. Horses suffering from spasmodic colic will often display signs of discomfort or distress. They are likely to bite their flanks, roll around, get up and lie down frequently, and paw the ground. Horses suffering from spasmodic colic may also have a decreased appetite, sweat frequently, and suffer from an increased heart rate and body temperature. If your horse is exhibiting any of these signs, it is important to contact a veterinarian immediately.

Diagnoses

Veterinarians are usually able to diagnose if a horse is suffering from spasmodic colic by conducting a simple home exam. The veterinarian will check the horse’s heart rate and gums in order to determine any cardiovascular stress the horse may have. They will also conduct an abdominal and rectal exam to determine the severity of the colic. In some cases, in-lab blood work, ultrasounds, or X-rays may be necessary.

Treatment

If a horse is exhibiting symptoms of spasmodic colic, the horse should not be allowed to eat. If the horse is in distress and frequently lying down and getting back up, then walking the horse can help relieve some abdominal pressure. A veterinarian may prescribe an analgesic for pain, such as Banamine. Depending on the severity of the colic, the veterinarian may flush the horse's intestines with mineral oil, warm water, or lubricants.

Prevention/Solution

Spasmodic colic is prevented by following a strict feeding routine. Horses should be fed in small amounts frequently and never be fed an excess of grain or hay at one time. Using high quality feed can also help prevent spasmodic colic. Horses should be exercised regularly and have plenty of access to water, and any changes to the diet or routine should be made gradually.

References

• Oregon State: Preventing and Treating Colic in Your Horse
• University of Kentucky: Colic in Horses
• University of Florida: A Horse Owner's Guide to Colic