Plans to Make Biodiesel
Biodiesel is a fuel commonly made from waste vegetable oil for the purpose of powering a diesel engine, often without any adjustments to the engine at all. This alternative fuel is gaining in popularity because it is inexpensive to make, produces fewer greenhouse gases than petroleum-based fuels and comes from an easily renewable resource. A batch of biodiesel can be made in a simple home-built processor in a week or less.
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Basic Ingredients
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While there is some variation in the available “recipes” for biodiesel, all include four basic ingredients: An organic oil (typically waste vegetable oil used in deep fryers although animal fats can also be used), methanol (alcohol), sodium hydroxide (lye) and water. Other chemicals are involved in the process, but the exact chemicals and mixtures you will use depend on the “recipe” and processing equipment you choose. Kits are available if you do not want to start from scratch.
Safety
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Making biodiesel can be dangerous because caustic and toxic chemicals are part of the process, so safety must be a priority. You should keep a fire extinguisher capable of handling oil-based fires handy and wear protective clothing and gloves. Be sure the “brewing area” is well ventilated since the alcohol/lye mixture should not be breathed, and that children and pets are kept away from the equipment. The chemicals you will be using must be stored properly, and there may be other state and local safety requirements you need to fulfill; so be sure to check on these before you begin.
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Basic Process
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Essentially, biodiesel is created when an organic oil is mixed with alcohol and a catalyst (lye). The catalyst causes the alcohol to replace the glycerin in the fat molecules; the glycerin then drops to the bottom of the mixture and is removed. The actual name for the process is “transesterification,” which some “brewers” compare to making soap. After the glycerin is removed, the biodiesel must be “washed” (filtered) to remove as many impurities as possible, using water and a little bit of acetic acid (vinegar); the washed fuel is drained, and the process is repeated, if necessary, using only water. The finished fuel is then “dried” and ready for use.
Possible Problems
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While biodiesel is basically biodegradable and non-toxic, processors need to be aware of possible problems with the fuel. If not washed properly, impurities can affect fuel performance in the engine. While it tends to help lubricate the engine, biodiesel can also eat away at rubber-based components, such as fuel lines and gaskets, as well as log filters. Biodiesel may not perform as well in cold weather in the engine. And using biodiesel can also void your engine’s warranty.
Taxes
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In the eyes of the government, by making your own biodiesel, you become a fuel company. Taxes are collected on fuels used to power vehicles operated on the highways. You will need to learn what federal and state tax requirements apply to you and what you must do to fulfill them. For the most up-to-date information, log onto the IRS website.
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References
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