Suspensory Ligament in Pregnancy
Suspensory ligaments throughout the body hold organs in place. In the female abdomen, two ligaments, the broad ligament and the round ligament, connect the uterus to the walls of the abdominal cavity and surrounding tissues. Hormonal changes and uterine growth during pregnancy can stretch these ligaments, causing discomfort. Small lifestyle changes can help relieve this discomfort.
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Uterine Suspensory Ligaments
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According to Ronan O'Rahilly of Dartmouth College, a large sheet of peritoneum (or connective membrane) known as the broad ligament extends from side to side across the abdomen. It holds the abdominal organs, including the uterus and ovaries, in place. Contained within the broad ligament is the round ligament, a fibrous band that stretches from near the opening of the uterus to the internal portion of the labium majus (outer lips of the vagina).
Effects of Pregnancy
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During pregnancy, the hormone relaxin causes a woman's joints and ligaments to soften and stretch in preparation for the baby's passage through the birth canal. Primed by relaxin, the uterine suspensory ligaments are pulled and stretched as the uterus expands to as much as 20 times its size before pregnancy.
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Round Ligament Pain
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As they soften and stretch, the uterine suspensory ligaments can cause discomfort. The round ligament, especially, is a common source of pain in pregnant women. Some women report a sharp, stabbing pain on one or both sides of the abdomen. Others feel pain in the hips or the groin. Round ligament pain can be aggravated by changing positions, coughing, sneezing, laughing or exercising. Although it is annoying, round ligament pain is considered normal and is not harmful to the fetus.
Alleviating the Pain
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Various experts offer solutions for dealing with round ligament pain. The American Pregnancy Association emphasizes that rest is the best way to alleviate the pain. They also recommend changing position slowly and flexing the hips in anticipation of a sudden movement, such as coughing or laughing. When pain is persistent, daily stretching exercises may help. The "Physician's Desktop Reference" suggests squatting or bringing your knees to your chest.
When to Call a Doctor
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Round ligament pain is considered a normal part of pregnancy. However, a few warning signs could signal a more serious problem. If the pain persists after resting, or if you have fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, cramping or bleeding, you should contact your care provider.
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References
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