Pancreatic Disease in Cats
A cat's pancreas is located in the abdomen behind the small intestine. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin to aid the body in metabolizing sugar for energy, and for releasing the enzymes necessary for digestion. Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, and can happen suddenly, referred to as acute, or develop gradually over a long period of time, known as chronic.
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Cause
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Certain medications, including antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs, can contribute to the development of pancreatitis. Diseases of the small intestines such as bile duct disease and inflammatory bowel disease and previous cases of pancreatitis are also factors that can play a role in future developments of pancreatic inflammation.
Symptoms
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Cats with pancreatitis exhibit fever, rapid heartbeat and lethargy. The animal may also become dehydrated, experience a loss of appetite and weight loss. Severe cases can develop a body-wide infection, or sepsis, and breathing difficulties. In cases of severe inflammation, the surrounding organs of the pancreas may suffer damage from the high amounts of pancreatic enzymes released.
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Diagnosis
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Proper diagnosis of pancreatitis involves ruling out other conditions with similar symptoms. Your veterinarian will perform a physical examination and order blood tests to measure the pancreatic enzyme levels present. Ultrasounds may be performed to check for inflammation in the pancreas, and a biopsy of the pancreatic tissue, while not commonly ordered, results in a confirmed diagnosis.
Treatment
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Treatment of pancreatitis depends upon the underlying cause of the condition. Medications that are found to have caused the condition should be stopped. Fluids are given to counteract the effects of dehydration. Pain relievers are administered to minimize discomfort and a change in diet or addition of supplements may be necessary to ensure proper nutrition.
Complications
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Chronic pancreatitis may lead to additional medical conditions, such as pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus. Pancreatic insufficiency is a rare condition that develops when the pancreas does not release enough of the digestive enzymes necessary to break down proteins, fats and starches. Without treatment, the cat will starve to death. Diabetes is a condition in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to allow blood sugar to move into the body to provide energy.
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References
- Photo Credit cat image by nutech21 from Fotolia.com
